| Chemical |
Lead nitrate |
| CAS-number : |
10099-74-8 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| Lyijynitraatti |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| Pb(NO3)2
HNO3. 1/2Pb |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2332459 |
| |
| Uses : |
Lead salts, mordant in dyeing and printing calico, matches,
mordant for staining mother-of-pearl, oxidizer in the dye
industry, sensitizer in photography, explosives, tanning,
process engraving, and lithography.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
White crystals.
|
| |
| Degradation point, °C : |
| 470 |
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
Soluble in water and alcohol.
Strong oxidizing material,
dangerous fire risk in contact with organic materials
(Sax & Lewis 1987).
|
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 120 |
mbt, 2d, Asellus aquaticus |
| 64.1 |
mbt, 4d, Asellus aquaticus |
| 43.8 |
mbt, 2d, Crangonyx pseudogracilis |
| 27.6 |
mbt, 4d, Crangonyx pseudogracilis |
| |
Martin & Holdich 1986 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 13.2 |
96hr, Channa punctata |
| 12 |
96hr, Heteropneustes fossilis |
| |
Sastry & Gupta 1980 |
| |
-- |
| 6.6 |
7d, Carassius auratus |
| |
Kemp et al. 1973 |
| |
-- |
| 470 |
total Pb, 96hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| 1.47 |
dissolved Pb, 96hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Davies et al. 1976 |
| |
-- |
| 1625 |
1625 - 1632, 4d, Poecilia reticulata |
| 1632 |
Sehgal & Saxena 1987 |
| |
| Effects on physiology of water organisms : |
Barbus conchonius, 0.0474 mg/l, 30 d, biochemical effect (change
in physiochemical process including glycogen uptake, cholesterol
levels and lipis analysis) (Tewari et al. 1987).
Colisa fasciata, 9.5 mg/l, 4 d, histological effect (presence of
physical damage to tissues) (Srivastava 1987).
(Data recalculation to ion concentration:)
Barytelphusa guerini, 1 d, 0.300 mg/l, hematological effect;
Barytelphusa guerini, 1 - 30 d, 0.300 mg/l, physiological
effect (Tulasi & Rao 1988a, b); Chironomus plumosus, 0.08 d,
6.0 mg/l, oxygen consumption effect (Malyarevskaya & Karasina
1987); Clarias batrachus, 270 d, 3.0 mg/l, histological effect
(Katti & Sathyanesan 1987a); Clarias batrachus, 150 d, 3.0
mg/l, physiological effect (Katti & Sathyanesan 1987b); Coretus
corneus, 0.08 d, 6.0 mg/l, oxygen consumption effect;
Pontogammarus maeoticus, 1 d, 60.0 mg/l, mortality;
Pontogammarus maeoticus, 0.08 d, 0.6 mg/l, oxygen consumption
effect (Malyarevskaya & Karasina 1987).
Procambarus clarkii, 4 d, 400 mg/l, delayed oxygen consumption
effect in recovery water (Torreblanca et al. 1987).
|
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
Chara vulgaris, 0.0000075 M, 7 d, 100 % mortality including
algicidal and herbicidal effects (Heumann 1987).
Carassius auratus, impaired efficiency, 0.07 mg Pb/l (Weir &
Hime 1970).
|
References |
| 2285 | Anon. 1989.
Miljöfarliga ämnen - exempellista och vetenskaplig
dokumentation. 303 p.
Stockholm.
Rapport från
kemikalieinspektionen (KEMI) 10. |
| 318 | Davies, P.H., Goettl, J.P., Sinley, J.R. & Smith, N.F.
1976.
Acute and chronic toxicity of lead to rainbow trout
Salmo gairdneri in hard and soft water.
Water Res. 10: 199 -
206. |
| 1951 | Heumann, H.G. 1987.
Effects of heavy metals on growth and
ultrastructure of Chara vulgaris.
Protoplasma 136: 37. |
| 2570 | Katti, S.R. & Sathyanesan, A.G. 1987a.
Lead nitrate induced
nuclear inclusions in the oocytes of the catfish Clarias
batrachus (L.).
Environ.
Res. 44: 238. |
| 2571 | Katti, S.R. & Sathyanesan, A.G. 1987b.
Lead nitrate induced
changes in the thyroid physiology of the catfish Clarias
batrachus (L.).
Ecotoxicol.
Environ.
Saf. 13: 1. |
| 704 | Kemp, H.T., Little, R.L., Holoman, V.L. & Darby, R.L.
1973.
Water quality data book - Vol. 5.
Effects of
chemicals on aquatic life.
EPA.
Water pollution control
research series 09/73. |
| 2569 | Malyarevskaya, A.Ya. & Karasina, F.M. 1987.
Effect of lead
nitrate on physiological and biochemical characteristics of
certain aquatic invertebrates.
Hydrobiol.
J.
(Gidrobiol.
Zh.)
23: 84. |
| 1763 | Martin, T.R. & Holdich, D.M. 1986.
The acute lethal toxicity of
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reference to fresh-water asellids and gammarids).
Water Res.
20(9): 1137 - 1147. |
| 2102 | Pickering, Q., Carle, D.O., Pilli, A., Willingham, T. &
Lazorchak, J.M. 1989.
Effects of pollution on freshwater
organisms.
Journal WPCF 61 (6): 998 - 1042. |
| 1973 | Pilli.A., Carle, D.O., Kline.
E., Pickering.
Q. & Lazorchak.
J. 1988.
Effets of pollution on freshwater organisms.
JWPCF
60(6): 994 - 1065. |
| 1231 | Sastry, K.V. & Gupta, P.K. 1980.
Changes in the
activities of some digestive enzymes of Channa punctatus,
exposed chronically to mercuric chloride.
J.
Environ.
Sci.
Health, 15B: 109. |
| 2573 | Sehgal, R. & Saxena, A.B. 1987.
Determination of acute toxicity
levels of cadmium and lead to the fish Lebistes reticulatus
(peters).
Int.
J.
Environ.
Stud. 29: 157. |
| 2033 | Srivastava, A.K. 1987.
Changes induced by lead in fish testis.
J.
Environ.
Biol. 8: 329. |
| 2032 | Tewari, H. et al. 1987.
Impact of chronic lead poisoning on the
hematological and biochemical profiles of a fish, Barbus
conchonius (Ham.).
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Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 38: 778. |
| 2572 | Torreblanca, A. et al. 1987.
Oxygen uptake and gill
morphological alterations in Procambarus clarkii (Girard) after
sublethal exposure to lead.
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol. 86C: 219. |
| 2567 | Tulasi, S.J. & Rao, J.V.R. 1988a.
Effects of lead on copper
content of fresh water crab Barytelphusa guerini (H.
Milne
Edwards).
Indian J.
Exp.
Biol. 26: 323. |
| 2568 | Tulasi, S.J. & Rao, J.V.R. 1988b.
Acid-base balance and blood
gas changes in the freshwater field crab, Barytelphusa guerini, on
exposure to organic and inorganic lead.
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Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 40: 198. |
| 2544 | Weir & Hime 1970.
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