| Chemical |
Catechol |
| CAS-number : |
120-80-9 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 1,2-Benzenediol |
| 1,2-dihydroksibentseeni |
| 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene |
| catechin. |
| Katekoli |
| o-Dihydroxybenzene |
| o-diphenol |
| o-hydroquinone |
| o-hydroxyphenol |
| o-phenylenediol |
| oxyphenic acid |
| pyrocatechol |
| pyrokatekoli |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C6H6O2 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2044275 |
| |
| Uses : |
Preparation of dyes, pharmaceuticals, production of
anti-oxidants for rubber and lubricatory oils.
It is also used
in photography, in rubber, in fur dyeing and in specialty inks as
an agent for oxygen removal.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Colourless leaflets.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
110.12 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 1.371 |
15 °C |
| |
| Vapor density (air=1) : |
| 3.79 |
|
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 ppm in air=_mg/m3 : |
| 4.5 |
mg/m3 |
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 mg/m3 in air=_ppm : |
| 0.22 |
ppm |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 451000 |
20°C |
| |
Sol, MITI 1992 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 105 |
|
| 104 |
104 - 105, MITI 1992 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 240 |
240 - 245, MITI 1992 |
| |
| Degradation point, °C : |
| 240 |
|
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 0.88 |
|
| 1.01 |
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Photooxidation half-life in air:
26hr - 2.6hr, based upon estimated reaction rate constant with
.OH (Howard 1991)
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
Photooxidation half-life in water:
160d - 3.2d, scientific judgement based upon reported reaction
rate constants for RO2. with the phenol class (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Other chemical degradation processes : |
Ozonation: catechol + O3 -> o-quinone (Eisenhauer 1968).
Autoxidation at 25 °C: t1/2: 447 hr at pH 7.0
412 hr at pH 9.0
(Moussavi 1979).
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 1.08 |
26hr - 2.6hr, |
| 0.1 |
based upon estimated photooxidation half-lives in air. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 7 |
1w - 1d, |
| 1 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-lives. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 7 |
1w - 1d, |
| 1 |
in surface water: scientific judgement based upon the estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| 14 |
2w - 2d, |
| 2 |
in ground water: scientific judgement based upon estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-lives. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
7d - 1d, scientific judgement based upon aerobic biological
screening test data (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
28d - 4d, scientific judgement based upon estimated aqueous
aerobic biodegradation half-lives (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Total degradation in soil : |
Biodegradation: decomposition by a soil microflora: 1 day
(Verschueren 1983).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
83% by BOD
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Routes for degradation of catechol by microorganisms:
catechol catechol
I I
'ortho'cleavage 'meta'cleavage
I O2 I O2
V V
cis,cis-muconate 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde
I I
V H2O -> HCOOH
(+)-muconolactone I
I V
V 2-oxo-pent-4-enoate
3-oxoadipate enol lactone I H2O
I H2O V
V 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate
3-oxoadipate I
I V
V acetaldehyde pyruvate
3-oxoadipyl CoA
I
V
Acetyl-CoA + succinate
(Verschueren 1983).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 358 |
orl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 260 |
orl-mus, - " - |
| 240 |
orl-mam, - " - |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 800 |
skn-rbt, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 100 |
orl-cat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 100 |
>100, orl-Agelaius phoeniceus |
| |
Schafer et al. 1983 |
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
Bacteria: Escherichia coli: LD0: 90 mg/l (Meinck et al. 1970). |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 8.9 |
96 hr, Salmo gairdneri, DeGraeve et al. |
| |
1980 |
| 3.5 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, - " - |
| |
-- |
| 9.22 |
96 hr, Pimepahles promelas, Geiger et al. 1990 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 9 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1990 |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
Algae: Scenedesmus: LD0: 6 mg/l
Protozoa: Vorticella campanula: LD0: 1.6 mg/l
Paramaecium caudatum: LD0: 35 mg/l
Arthropoda: Daphnia: LD0: 4 mg/l
Fish: Trutta iridea: perturbation level: 3 mg/l
Cyprinus carpio: perturbation level: 2.8 mg/l
(Meinck et al. 1970).
Goldfish: approximate fatal concentration: 14 mg/l, 48 hr
(McKee & Wolf 1963).
|
| |
| Other effects on aquatic ecosystems : |
Reduction of amenities:
taste in fish (carp): 2.5 mg/l (Jones 1971)
tainting of fish flesh: 2 - 5 mg/l (Verschueren 1983)
odour threshold (detection): 8.0 mg/l (Verschueren 1983).
|
References |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 331 | DeGraeve, G.M. et al. 1980.
Toxicity of underground coal
gasification condenser water and selected constituents to
aquatic biota.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 9: 543. |
| 330 | DeGraeve, G.M., Geiger, D.L., Meyer, J.S. & Bergman, H.L.
1980.
Acute and embryo-larval toxicity of phenolic compounds to
aquatic biota.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 9: 557 - 568. |
| 1962 | Eisenhauer, H.R. 1968.
The ozonation of phenolic wastes.
JWPCF
40: 1887. |
| 3297 | Geiger, D.
L. et al. 1990.
Acute toxicities of organic
chemicals to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) Vol 5.
Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of
Winsconsin-Superior, Superior, Winconsin, U.S.A. 332.
|
| 3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
Michalenko, E.M., Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates,
1991.
Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
| 675 | Jones, H.R. 1971.
Environmental control in the organic and
petrochemical industries.
Noyes Data Corporation 1971. |
| 1589 | Lewis, R.J. & Sweet, D.V. 1984.
Registry of toxic effects of
chemical substances.
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health.
No. 83-107-4. |
| 921 | McKee, J.W. & Wolf, H.W. 1963.
Water quality criteria.
The
Resources Agency of California, State Water Quality Control
Board. |
| 950 | Meinck, F., Stoof, H. & Kohlschutter, H. 1970.
Les eaux
residuaires industrielles. |
| 3105 | MITI 1992.
Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing
chemicals based on the CSCL Japan.
Compild under the Safety
Division Basic Industries Bureau Ministry of International
Trade & Industry, Japan.
Edited by Chemicals Inspection &
Testing Institute, Japan.
|
| 1963 | Moussavi, M. 1979.
Effect of polar substituents on autoxidation
of phenols.
Water Res. 13: 1125 - 1128. |
| 1743 | Schafer , E.W.Jr., Bowles, W.A.Jr., Hurlbut, J. 1983.
The acute
oral toxicity, repellency and hazard potential of 993 chemicals to
one or more species of wild and domestic birds.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 12: 355 - 382. |
| 1468 | Verschueren, K. 1983.
Handbook of environmental data of
organic chemicals.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
Inc., New York.
1310 s. |
