| Chemical |
Crotonaldehyde |
| CAS-number : |
4170-30-3 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 2-Butenal (CAS 4170-30-3) |
| 2-Butenal (trans) (CAS 123-73-9) |
| 2-Butenal, (E)- (CAS 123-73-9). |
| Butenal-2 |
| Crotonic aldehyde |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C4H6O |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2240300 |
| |
| Purity, % : |
| 93 |
|
| |
| Uses : |
Manufacture of N-butanol; crotonic acid; sorbic acid.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Colourless liquid.
Will dissolve.
|
| |
| Odor : |
Pungent suffocating odour.
Recognition odour in air 21 mg/m3
(Sax 1986).
Threshold Odour Concentration (T.
O.
C.):
0.6 mg/m3 = 0.2 ppm (Verschueren 1983)
0.1 mg/m3 = 0.035 ppm (Stockham et al. 1969)
0.18 - 0.57 mg/m3 (Verschueren 1983)
0.420 mg/m3 (Verschueren 1983)
Reduction of amenities: faint odor: 0.021 mg/l
(Verschueren 1983)
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
70 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 0.853 |
|
| |
| Vapor density (air=1) : |
| 2.41 |
|
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 ppm in air=_mg/m3 : |
| 2.8 |
mg/m3, Verschueren 1983 |
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 mg/m3 in air=_ppm : |
| 0.349 |
ppm, Verschueren 1983 |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 19 |
at 20 °C |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 180000 |
|
| 155000 |
|
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -60 |
|
| -75 |
|
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 102 |
|
| 99 |
99/104 °C |
| 104 |
Verschueren 1983 |
| |
| Flashing point, °C : |
| 13 |
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
Reactive at high temperature or pressure.
May polymerize with
acids or bases.
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Photooxidation half-life in air:
17.9hr - 1.94hr, scientific judgement based upon estimated rate
constants for reaction with hydroxy radical and ozone (Howard
1991).
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 0.75 |
17.9hr - 1.94hr, |
| 0.08 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated photooxidation half-life in air. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 7 |
7d - 1d, |
| 1 |
scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 7 |
7d - 1d, |
| 1 |
in surface water: scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| 14 |
14d - 2d, |
| 2 |
in ground water: scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
7d - 1d, scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aqueous
aerobic biodegradation screening test data for the aldehyde
class (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
28d - 4d, scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aqueous
aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Biodegrades at slow to moderate rate.
Bacteria may acclimate
and enhance reduction rate (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 300 |
orl-rat, Sax 1986 |
| 240 |
orl-mus |
| |
-- |
| 160 |
160 - 300, orl-rat |
| 300 |
Patty 1967 |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 25 |
14d, skn-gpg, Sax 1986 |
| 140 |
scu-rat |
| 160 |
ipr-mus |
| 160 |
scu-mus |
| 380 |
skn-rbt |
| 30 |
skn-gpg |
| |
| LC50 values to mammals in inhalation exposure, mg/m3 : |
| 4000 |
ihl-rat, 30 min, Sax 1986 |
| 1400 |
ihl-rat, 30 min, Verschueren 1983 |
| |
| LC50 values to mammals in inhalation exposure, ppm : |
| 1400 |
30 min, ihl-rat, Sax 1986 |
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 100 |
scu-dog, Sax 1986 |
| 1700 |
scu-gpg |
| |
| TCLo values to mammals in inhalation exposure, mg/kg : |
| 12 |
ihl-hmn, 10 min, Sax 1986 |
| |
| Health effects : |
Direct contact causes tearing-acute local irritant; strong
lacrimator, vapors extremely damaging to eyes; highly toxic via
ingestion or inhalation; ectremely corrosive to skin and eyes;
allergen; chronic allergen; chronic toxic effects unknown (Sax
1986).
Skin and eye irritation data:
eye, hmn, 45 ppm;
skn, rbt, 500 mg, open, mild (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| Mutagenicity : |
Mutagen data:
mmo, sat, 0.100 ml/l;
mma, sat, 0.100 ml/l;
spm, mus, ipr, 30 mg/kg (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| Effects on wastewater treatment : |
200 mg/l is substrate limiting and 50 - 100 mg/l is
nonsubstrate limiting to anaerobic processes (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 3.5 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| 1.3 |
96hr, Menidia audens |
| 1.3 |
96hr, Medinia beryllina |
| |
Dawson et al. 1977 |
| |
| Other information : |
Air pollution high (Sax 1986).
|
References |
| 327 | Dawson, G.W., Jennings, A.L., Drozdowski, D. & Rider, E.
1977a.
The acute toxicity of 47 industrial chemicals to fresh
and saltwater fishes.
J.
Hazardous Materials 1 (1975/77): 303
- 318. |
| 3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
Michalenko, E.M., Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates,
1991.
Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
| 1644 | Patty, F.A. 1967.
Industrial hygiene and toxicology.
Vol 2.
Interscience Publishers. |
| 2147 | Sax, I. 1986.
Hazardous chemicals information annual No. 1.
Van
Nostrand Reinhold Information Services, New York. 766 s. |
| 162 | Stockham, J., O'Donnell, A. & Drawnieks, A. 1969.
Chemical
species in engine exhaust and their contribution to exhaust
odor.
Coordinating Research Council, New York.
Report No IITRI
C8150-5. |
| 1468 | Verschueren, K. 1983.
Handbook of environmental data of
organic chemicals.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
Inc., New York.
1310 s. |
