| Chemical |
Cadmium nitrate |
| CAS-number : |
10325-94-7 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| cadmium dinitrate. |
| Kadmiumnitraatti |
| nitric acid, cadmium salt |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| CdN2O6 * Cd(NO3)2 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2337106
|
| |
| Uses : |
Colouring glass and porcelain; laboratory reagent; cadmium
salts.
Photographic emulsions.
Manufacturing light sensitive
paper; chemicals production Ni-Cd batteries.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Prismatic white needles; hygroscopic.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
236.42 |
| |
| Vapor density (air=1) : |
| 2.455 |
|
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 1500000 |
20 °C, Anon. 1989 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 350 |
|
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 132 |
|
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Natural CO2 will slowly reduce concentration (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| Other information of metabolism : |
Cd content of livers and kidneys increased in direct proportion
to intake.
Kidneys retained 2 - 3 times the amount retained by
the liver.
Shellfish concentration Cd 900 - 1600 times (Sax
1986).
|
| |
| Health effects : |
Emphysema from Cd salt dusts, itai-itai disease (Sax 1986).
Strong irritant.
Affects central nervous system.
Poor warning
properties.
Cadmium salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting and
diarrhea.
Inflammation of mucous membrane.
Headache.
Oral
ingestion has led to a number of human deaths.
Acute poisoning
causes lung damage; chronic poisoning damages kidneys, lungs,
bones, causes blood changes.
Symptoms include dark urine,
dyspnea, chest pain (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| Effects on plants : |
Soybean, tomato, bushbean, and bahia grass plants were exposed to
0.1 g Cd per 6 or 7 inch pot (15 - 17 cm).
The general
symptoms included a red-brown discoloration of leaf veins,
petioles and stems.
Leaves cupped and rolled downward with
puckering of intercostal laminae.
Tomato leaves developed
interveinal chlorosis and necrotic flecking, and yield
reductions were observed.
Iron foliar content decreased with
increased Cd application in bahia grass and soybean.
Manganese
content decreased, due to increased Cd application in bahia
grass but not in soybean (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
bacteria (Pseudomonas putida): 0.08 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
| |
| NOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 0.7 |
rpd,schr, Selenastrum capricornutum, |
| |
Slooff et al. 1983 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.047 |
48 hr, Daphnia magna |
| 0.14 |
48 hr, Daphnia pulex |
| 0.2 |
48 hr, Daphnia cucullata |
| |
Canton & Adema 1978 |
| |
-- |
| 0.5 |
48hr, Asellus aquaticus, Slooff 1983 |
| 0.08 |
48hr, Gammarus pulex, Slooff 1983 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.078 |
96hr, Homarus americanus |
| 0.14 |
48hr, Daphnia pulex |
| 0.2 |
48hr, Daphnia cucullata |
| 0.042 |
0.042 - 0.055, 48hr, Daphnia magna |
| 0.055 |
Sax 1986 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.15 |
48 hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Slooff et al. 1983 |
| |
-- |
| 0.056 |
Cd, act, Poecilia reticulata, Sax 1986 |
| 0.0066 |
Cd, 96hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
-- |
| 0.0066 |
96hr, flow-through, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Hale 1977 |
| |
| Effects on physiology of water organisms : |
Selenastrum capricornutum, 0.13 - 4 days, 0.002 - 0.004 mg/l;
growth effect (measurable change in length and/or weight
(Thompson et al. 1987).
Cyprinus carpio, hematological effect, 3.75 d, 11 mg/l (Beena &
Viswaranjan 1988).
Lamellidens marginalis, physiological effect, 1 d, 2 mg/l
(Radhakrishnaiah 1988).
Selenastrum capricornutum, population growth effect,
photosynthesis effect, 4 d, 0.002 - 0.008 mg/l (Thompson et al.
1987).
Tilapia aurea, growth effect, mortality, 112 d, 0.014 - 0.052
mg/l (Papoutsoglou & Abel 1988).
|
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
2.7 mg/l, flatworm (Polycelis nigra), toxic threshold
concentration. - 0.42 mg/l, stickleback, toxic threshold
concentration. - 0.2 mg/l as Cd, stickleback, lethal
concentration limit, 15 - 18 °C. - 0.7 mg/l as Cd,
stickleback, survived. - 0.056 mg/l as Cd, guppy, LD50 (Sax
1986).
LC50, 48hr, 6.5 mg/l, Tubificidae
LC50, 48hr, >56 mg/l, Chironomus gr. thummi
LC50, 48hr, 4.2 mg/l, Erpobdella octoculata
LC50, 48hr, 1.6 mg/l, Lymnaea stagnalis
LC50, 48hr, >56 mg/l, Dugesia cf. lugubris
LC50, 48hr, 1.6 mg/l, Hydra oligactis
LC50, 48hr, >56 mg/l, Corixa punctata
LC50, 48hr, >56 mg/l, Ischura elegans
LC50, 48hr, 49 mg/l, Nemoura cinerea
LC50, 48hr, 56 mg/l, Cloeon dipterum
(Slooff 1983)
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
green algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda): 0.031 mg/l
protozoa (Entosiphon sulcatum): 0.011 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
| |
| Other information : |
Air pollution: high (Sax 1986).
|
References |
| 2285 | Anon. 1989.
Miljöfarliga ämnen - exempellista och vetenskaplig
dokumentation. 303 p.
Stockholm.
Rapport från
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| 2298 | Beena, S. & Viswaranjan, S. 1988.
Effect of cadmium and mercury
on the hematological parameters of the fish Cyprinus carpio.
Environ.
Ecol. 5: 726. |
| 188 | Bringmann, G. & Kühn, R. 1980a.
Comparison of the toxicity
thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria, algae and
protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test.
Water
Res. 14: 231 - 241. |
| 241 | Canton, J.H. & Adema, D.M.M. 1978.
Reproducibility of
short-term and reproduction toxicity experiments with Daphnia
magna and comparisons of the sensitivity of Daphnia magna with
Daphnia pulex and Daphnia cucullata in short-term
experiments.
Hydrobiologia 59(2): 135 - 140. |
| 522 | Hale, J.G. 1977.
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Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 17: 66. |
| 2301 | Papoutsoglou, S.E. & Abel, P.D. 1988.
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| 2299 | Radhakrishnaiah, K. 1988.
Effect of cadmium on the freshwater
mussel, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) - A Physiologial
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| 2147 | Sax, I. 1986.
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Van
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| 1304 | Slooff, W., Canton, J.H. & Hermens, J.L.M. 1983.
Comparison of the susceptibility of 22 freshwater species to 15
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I (sub)acute toxicity tests. -
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toxicology 4: 113 - 128. |
| 1302 | Slooff, W. 1983.
Benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality
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Toxicol.
4: 73. |
| 1948 | Thompson, P.A. et al. 1987.
Structure-function relationships
for monitoring cellular stress and recovery responses with
Selenastrum capricornutum.
Aquat.
Toxicol. 10: 291. |
| 2300 | Thompson, P.A. et al. 1987.
Structure-function relationships
for monitoring cellurar stress and recovery responses with
Selenastrum capricornutum.
Aquat.
Toxicol. 10: 291. |
