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Data bank of environmental chemicals     |     The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)
 


29.3.2024

Data bank of environmental properties of chemicals


Chemical
TCDD
CAS-number :
1746-01-6
 
Synonyms :
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxine
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine.
2,3,7,8-tetraklooridibentso-1,4-dioksiini
 
Sumformula of the chemical :
C12H4Cl4O2
 
Molecular weight :
321.97
 
Density, kg/m3 :
1830  20 °C
 
Water solubility, mg/l :
0.0002  22 °C
 
Melting point, °C :
322 
305  305 - 306,
307 
 
Boiling point, °C :
900  approx.
 
Degradation point, °C :
750  > 750
 
Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow :
7.1 
6.8 
 
Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol :
7.26  25 °C
 
Photochemical degradation in water :
Water solubility in sun light: half-life 6.3 - 8 days (Corbet et
al. 1988).
 
Half-life in soil, days :
730  2-3 years, Seveso,
1095  Heckel 1984
 
Half-life in water, days :
600  aquatic model ecosystem,
  Verschueren 1983
 
Total degradation in water :
Half-life in aquatic model ecosystem: approx. 600 days
(Verschueren 1983).
 
Total degradation in sediment :
In lake sediment no remarkable degradation (Czuczwa & Hites
1984).
 
Other information of degradation :
Quick photochemical degradation in laboratory experiment
(Rappe 1980).

Degradation only with high microbial activity if TCDD is in
bioavailable form (Corbet et al. 1988).
 
Metabolism in mammals :
Uptake in alimentary canal very effective (>= 80 %) (Jones &
Bennett 1989).

Man, estimated half-life approximately 5 years (Jones & Bennett
1989).
 
Metabolism in fishes :
Half-life, Salmo gairdneri, 15 - 48 days (Mehrle et al. 1988). 
Half-life, carp, > 300 days (Kuehl et al. 1986).
 
Bioconcentration factor, fishes :
26700  28d, Salmo gairdneri,
39000  static, Salmo gairdneri,
  Mehrle et al. 1988
 
Other information of bioaccumulation :
Bioconcentration factor (mollusca):
1400-47000, mussel (Vershueren 1983).
  
Bioconcentration factor (algae):
200 - 18600, algae (Verschueren 1983).
 
LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg :
0.02  orl-rat, Rippen 1988
  --
0.0006  orl-gpg, NIOSH 1979
  --
0.0042  orl-mink, Hochstein et al. 1988
 
LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg :
0.0006  0.0006 - 0.002, ukn-gpg
0.002 
1 - 5, ukn-ham
Virtanen & Nuuja 1987
 
Other information of mammals :
Rat, NOAEL, 0.000001 mg/kg/day (Rippen 1988).

Rhesus ape, oral, 20 months, toxic effects e.g. teratogenic and
embryotoxic effects, 0.0000016 mg/kg/day (Rippen 1988).
 
Health effects :
Man, tolerable daily intake, 1 - 5 pg/kg (Tarkowski &
Yrjanheikki 1986).
 
Carcinogenicity :
Very effective tumor promoter (Rippen 1988).

Possibly carcinogenic (Holder & Menzel 1988).
 
Mutagenicity :
Not proved to be mutagenic (Rippen 1988).
 
LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg :
0.025  0.025 - 0.05, orl-chicken, Rippen 1988
 
LOEC values to fishes, mg/l :
0.000001  srv, grw, schr, Salmo gairdneri
  Helder 1981
  --
0.000001  srv, grw, chr, Esox lucius
  Helder 1980
 
NOEC values to fishes, mg/l :
0.0000001  srv, grw, schr, Salmo gairdneri
  Helder 1981
  --
0.0000001  srv, grw, chr, Esox lucius
  Helder 1980
 
Other information of water organisms :
Salmo gairdneri, juvenile, survival, growth, behaviour, 28 + 28
days, < 0.000000038 mg/l (Mehrle et al. 1988).

Oncorhynchus kisutch, 96 hr, 30 d, 55 % mortality, 0.0000056
mg/l (Miller et al. 1979).

References
2285Anon. 1989. Miljöfarliga ämnen - exempellista och vetenskaplig dokumentation. 303 p. Stockholm. Rapport från kemikalieinspektionen (KEMI) 10.
2909Corbet, R.L., Webster, G.R.B. & Muir, D.C.G. 1988. Fate of 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in an outdoor aquatic system. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7: 167 - 180.
2912Czuczwa, J.M. & Hites, R.A. 1986. Airborne dioxines and dibenzofurans: Sources and fates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20: 195 - 220.
2911Heckel, E. 1984. Polychlorierte Dioxine und Dibenzofurane - Herstellung, Handhabung, Umweltfragen. Chem.-Ing.-Tech. 56: A 390.
567Helder, T. 1980. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on early life stages of the pike (Esox lucius). Sci. Total Environ. 14: 255 - 264.
568Helder, T. 1981. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on early life stages of rainbow trout, (Salmo gairdneri). Toxicology 19: 101 - 112.
2917Hochstein, J.R., Aulerich, R.J. & Bursian, S.J. 1988. Acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin to mink. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17: 33 - 37.
2918Holder, J.W. & Menzel, H.M. 1988. Analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD tumor promotion activity and its relationship to cancer. In: Dioxin '88. The 8th Int. Symp. on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related compounds, Aug. 21 - 26, 1988, Umeå, Sweden, Final Program and Abstracts, p. 180.
2916Jones, K.C. & Bennett, B.G. 1989. Human exposure to environmental polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: an exposure commitment assessment for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Sci. Tot. Environ. 78: 99 - 116.
2914Kuehl, D.W., Cook. P.M. & Batterman, A.R. 1986. Uptake and depuration of PCDDs and PCDFs in freshwater fish. Chemosphere 15: 2023 - 2026.
2836Lewis, R.J.Sr. & Tatken, R.L. (Eds.) 1979. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. U.S. Dept. Health and Human Services. Natl. Inst. Occup. Safety Health (NIOSH).
2913Mehrle, P.M. et al. 1988. Toxicity and bioconcentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in rainbow trout. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7: 47 - 62.
2915Miller, R.A., Norris, L.A. & Loper, B.R. 1979. The response of coho salmon and guppies to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in water.
1973Pilli.A., Carle, D.O., Kline. E., Pickering. Q. & Lazorchak. J. 1988. Effets of pollution on freshwater organisms. JWPCF 60(6): 994 - 1065.
2910Rappe, C. 1980. Chloroaromatic compounds containing oxygen. In: Hutzinger, O. (Ed.) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3, Part A, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 157 - 179.
2510Rippen, G. 1988. Handbuch der Umwelt-Chemikalien. Stoffdaten, Prüfverfahren, Vorschriften. Ecomed. Landsberg/Lech, 2. Auflage.
2919Tarkowski, S. & Yrjanheikki, E. 1986. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in human milk - reasons for concern. Chemosphere 15: 1641 - 1648.
1468Verschueren, K. 1983. Handbook of environmental data of organic chemicals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Inc., New York. 1310 s.
1771Virtanen, M. & Nuuja, I. 1987. Kemikaalien myrkyllisyys luonnonvaraisille nisäkkäille. Ympäristöministeriö. Ympäristön- ja luonnonsuojeluosasto. Sarja D: 26.

 
 
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