| Chemical |
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene |
| CAS-number : |
118-96-7 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 2,4,6-trinitrotolueeni |
| Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitro- |
| TNT |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C7H5N3O6 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2042896 |
| |
| Uses : |
explosive, intermediate in dyestuffs and photographic chemicals |
| |
| State and appearance : |
colourless crystals
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
227.15 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 200 |
15°C |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 80.7 |
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
240 °C, explodes.
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Photolysis half-life in air:
11.3hr - 3.7hr, based upon measured rate constant for sunlight
photolysis in distilled water.
Photooxidation half-life in air:
184d - 18.4d, scientific judgement based upon estimated rate
constant for reaction with hydroxyl radical in air.
(Howard 1991)
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
Aquatic photolysis half-life:
11.3hr - 3.7hr, based upon measured rate constant for sunlight
photolysis in distilled water.
Photooxidation half-life in water:
1.45hr - 0.168hr, based upon measured rate constant for
sunlight photolysis and photooxidation in natural waters
corrected for rate of sunlight photolysis in distilled water.
(Howard 1991)
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 0.47 |
11.3hr - 3.7hr, |
| 0.15 |
based upon measured rate constant for sunlight photolysis in distilled water. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 180 |
6mo - 4w, |
| 28 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 0.05 |
1.28hr - 0.16hr, |
| 0.006 |
in surface water: based upon measured rate constant for sunlight photolysis and photooxidation in natural waters. |
| 360 |
1yr - 4w, |
| 28 |
in ground water: scientific judgement based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous anaerobic (low t1/2) and aerobic (high t1/2) biodegradation half-lives. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
6mo - 4w, scientific judgement based upon aerobic natural water
die-away test data.
Reduction of the nitro group observed in
these studies may not be due to biodegradation (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
6mo - 4w, scientific judgement based upon anaerobic natural
water die-away test data.
Reduction of the nitro group observed
in these studies may not be due to biodegradation (Howard
1991).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 795 |
orl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 660 |
orl-mus, - " - |
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 500 |
orl-rbt, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
bacteria (Pseudomonas putida): >100 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
| |
| LOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 1.6 |
rpd, schr, Scenedesmus quadricauda |
| |
Bringmann & Kühn 1980a |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 11.9 |
mbt,48hr,Daphnia magna,Pearson et al. |
| |
1979 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 2.4 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, Pearson et |
| |
al. 1979 |
| |
-- |
| 2.58 |
96hr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Smock et al. 1976 |
| |
-- |
| 2.6 |
96hr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Lockhart et al. 1975 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.46 |
bhv,96hr,Pimephales promelas,Lockhart et |
| |
al. 1975 |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
LOEC 1.6 mg/l, rpd, schr, Entosiphon sulcatum (Bringmann & Kühn
1980a).
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
green algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda): 1.6 mg/l
protozoa (Entosiphon sulcatum): 1.6 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
References |
| 188 | Bringmann, G. & Kühn, R. 1980a.
Comparison of the toxicity
thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria, algae and
protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test.
Water
Res. 14: 231 - 241. |
| 3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
Michalenko, E.M., Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates,
1991.
Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
| 1589 | Lewis, R.J. & Sweet, D.V. 1984.
Registry of toxic effects of
chemical substances.
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health.
No. 83-107-4. |
| 853 | Lockhart, W.L. et. al. 1975.
Chronic toxicity of a
synthetic triaryl phosphate oil to fish.
Environm.
Physiol.
Biochem. 5: 361. |
| 1114 | Pearson, J.G., Glennon, J.P., Barkley, J.J. & Highfill, J.W.
1979.
An approach to the toxicological evaluation of a
complex industrial wastewater.
In: Marking, L.L. &
Kimerle, R.A.
(eds.).
Aquatic toxicology, ASTM STP 667. pp.
284 - 301. |
| 1318 | Smock, L.A. et al. 1976.
The toxic effects of
trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its primary degradation products on two
species of algae and the fathead minnow.
Water Res.
10(6): 537 - 543. |
