| Chemical |
Toxaphene * |
| CAS-number : |
8001-35-2 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| camphechlor. |
| Toksafeeni |
| Toxaphene |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C10H10Cl8 * on an average
|
| EINECS-number : |
| 2322833 |
| |
| Uses : |
Pesticide, insecticide (on cotton crops)
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Amber, waxy solid.
|
| |
| Odor : |
Mild odor of chlorine and camphor.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
413.8 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 0.5 |
0.5 - 3, 25 °C, |
| 3 |
|
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 65 |
65 - 90 |
| 90 |
|
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 3.3 |
Anon. 1989 |
| 5.5 |
Anon. 1989 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 0.42 |
20 °C |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 900 |
Li et al. 1990 |
| |
-- |
| 730 |
20 years, Ware 1988 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Persistent in surface water (Ware 1988).
Persistent in an oligotrophic lake for 6 years.
(Terriere et al. 1966).
|
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Degrades in UV-light and in high temperatures (WHO 1984).
|
| |
| Metabolism in mammals : |
Absorbed through skin,lungs and alimentary canal.
Is
metabolized quickly, half-life in rat < 1 week, through
dechlorination and oxidation and is excreted with urine,
feces and milk (Ware 1988).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 3100 |
3100 - 91000, |
| 91000 |
Verschueren 1983 |
| |
-- |
| 70000 |
70000 - 107000, 150d, Pimephales |
| 107000 |
promelas, Verschueren 1983 |
| |
-- |
| 91000 |
Ictalurus, juv, NCI 1979 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Bioconcentration factor (mollusca):
2920-15200, 96hr (Verschueren 1983).
9000-15200, oyster (Schimmel et al. 1977).
Bioconcentration factor (crustaceans):
400 - 1200, 96 hr (Verschueren 1983)
800-1200, shrimp (Schimmel et al. 1977) |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 40 |
orl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 15 |
orl-dog, - " - |
| |
-- |
| 60 |
orl-man, IUPAC 1979 |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 600 |
skn-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 60 |
60 - 90, ukn-rat, Virtanen & Nuuja 1987 |
| 90 |
|
| 270 |
ukn-gpg |
| 75 |
75 - 100, ukn-rbt |
| 100 |
|
| 20 |
20 - 30, ukn-dog |
| 30 |
|
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 40 |
orl-hmn, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| Effects on physiology of mammals : |
Dog, injuries in kidneys, LOEL, 4 mg/kg/d;
rat, injuries in liver, LOEL, 1.25 mg/kg/d
(Ware 1988).
|
| |
| Health effects : |
Convulsions in human at 10 mg/kg
(Virtanen & Nuuja 1987).
Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption; most uses
prohibited (Sax & Lewis 1987).
USA, acceptable daily intake for human (ADI): 0.00125 mg/kg
(NAS 1977).
|
| |
| Carcinogenicity : |
NCI carcinogenesis bioassay completed: results positive: mus;
results indefinite, rat (Lewis & Sweet 1984).
|
| |
| Mutagenicity : |
Positive in Ames test (Ware 1988).
|
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 31 |
orl-dck, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| Effects on bees : |
LD50, 48 hr, 0.000144 mg/bee (Torchio 1973).
|
| |
| EC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
| 0.01 |
10d, Phaeodactylum, Verschueren 1983 |
| |
-- |
| 0.38 |
Selenastrum, USEPA 1980 |
| |
| LOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 0.01 |
rpd, schr, Phaedactylum tricornutum |
| |
Walsh 1972 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.015 |
48hr, Daphnia magna, Sanders & Cope |
| |
1966, Frear & Boyd 1967 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0000072 |
96hr, Acartia tonsa, |
| |
Khattat & Farley 1976 |
| |
-- |
| 0.006 |
96hr, Gammarus fasciatus,Sanders 1972 |
| |
-- |
| 0.01 |
48hr, Simocephalus serrulatus |
| |
Verschueren 1983 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0014 |
96hr, Penaeus duorarum |
| |
Schimmel et al. 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 0.015 |
act, Daphnia pulex, Kenaga 1979 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.016 |
96hr, Crassostrea, Shimmel et al. 1977 |
| |
| NOEC values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.00007 |
21d, Daphnia magna, Sanders 1980 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.008 |
96hr, Salmo gairdneri, Edwards 1977 |
| 0.004 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| |
-- |
| 0.0011 |
96hr, Cyprinodon, |
| 0.0005 |
96hr, Lagodon rhomboides, |
| |
Schimmel et al. 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0055 |
96hr, Salmo gairdneri, |
| 0.003 |
96hr, Salmo trutta m. lacustris, |
| 0.012 |
96hr, Perca fluviatilis, |
| |
Macek & McAllister 1970 |
| |
-- |
| 0.018 |
act, Lepomis macrochirus, |
| 0.011 |
act, Salmo gairdneri, |
| 0.014 |
act, Pimephales promelas, Kenaga 1979 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0024 |
96hr, Lepomis, LeBlanc 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0005 |
144hr, Leiostomus, Lowe 1964 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0054 |
96h, Morone saxatilis juv., soft water |
| 0.0076 |
96h, Morone saxatilis, 1%. saline water |
| |
Palawaski et al. 1985 |
| |
| LOEC values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.0003 |
grw, srv, schr, Ictalurus punctatus |
| 0.000054 |
grw, schr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Mayer et al. 1977 |
| |
| NOEC values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.00013 |
grw, srv, schr, Ictalurus punctatus |
| 0.000025 |
grw, schr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Mayer et al. 1977 |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
MATC:
259d, Pimephales, 0.000025 - 0.000054;
240d, Ictalurus, 0.00013 - 0.0003 mg/l (Mayer et al. 1977).
|
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