| Chemical |
Tetraethyl lead |
| CAS-number : |
78-00-2 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| lead tetraethyl |
| lyijytetraetyyli |
| TEL |
| tetraethylplumbane. |
| Tetraetyylilyijy |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C8H20Pb |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2010754 |
| |
| Purity, % : |
| 100 |
|
| |
| Uses : |
Anti-knock compounds for gasoline.
TEL has been largely
replaced by MBTE.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Colourless oily liquid.
|
| |
| Odor : |
Pleasant characteristic odour.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
323.47 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 1.659 |
|
| |
| Density, kg/m3 : |
| 1659 |
|
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 0.47 |
20 °C |
| 2.5 |
55 °C |
| 19 |
91 °C |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 0.8 |
20 °C |
| 30 |
25 °C |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -136.8 |
|
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 198 |
|
| |
| Degradation point, °C : |
| 110 |
110/200 °C |
| 200 |
|
| |
| Flashing point, °C : |
| 85 |
|
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 3 |
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
In dilute solution in water decomposes to give triethyl salt,
then diethyl salt and finally inorganic lead (Verschueren
1983).
Soluble in all organic solvents, insoluble in water and dilute
acids or alkalies.
Decomposes slowly at room temperature,
rapidly at 125 - 150 °C (Sax & Lewis 1987).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Photochemical half-life in air:
2.99hr - 22.3hr,
based upon measured rate constants for reaction with hydroxyl
radical and ozone (Howard 1991).
Atmospheric photolysis half-life:
2.3hr - 9.0hr,
based upon measured rate of aqueous photolysis under simulated
sunlight (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Other reactions in atmosphere : |
Degradation in summertime: 88 % in hour (Harrison & Laxen 1978).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in soil : |
Photochemical degradation to toxic trialkyl lead (Ter Haar &
Bayard 1971).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
Aquatic photolysis half-life:
2.3hr - 9.0hr,
based upon measured rate of aqueous photolysis under simulated
sunlight (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Hydrolysis in water : |
First order hydrolysis half-life:
14.5hr,
(t1/2 in dilute sea water) (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Other chemical degradation processes : |
In combustion of alkyl lead unstable relatively soluble lead
haloginades are formed.
The end products in exhaust fumes are
lead carbonate, lead oxides and leadoxycarbonate (Ter Haar &
Bayard 1971).
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 0.1 |
2.3hr - 9.0hr, |
| 0.4 |
based upon photolysis half-life in air, |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 7 |
7d - 4w, |
| 28 |
scientific judgement based upon unacclimated |
| |
aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life, |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 0.1 |
2.3hr - 9.0hr, |
| 0.4 |
in surface water, based upon photolysis half-life |
| |
in water, |
| 14 |
14d - 8w, |
| 56 |
in ground water, scientific judgement based upon |
| |
unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation |
| |
half-life, |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
7d - 4w,
scientific judgement (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
28d - 16w,
scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aqueous aerobic
biodegradation half-life (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Sunlight decomposes to toxic triethyl lead.
Lead in any salt
form is a hazard (Sax 1986).
Degradation in summer time: 88 % in hour (Harrison & Laxen
1986).
|
| |
| Other information of metabolism : |
Food chain contamination potential:
Both fish and animals are capable of accumulationg lead and
passing it on.
Positive (Sax 1986).
Tetraalkyl lead is metabolized to toxic trialkyl lead which
gradually is metabolized to inorganic lead (Oskarsson & Camner
1983).
Half-life in rat;
in heart, 7 days; in blood, 3 - 4 days (Hayakawa 1972).
The difference in lead metabolia between species is markable
(Granjean & Nielsen 1979).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 130 |
96 hr, Pleuronectes platessa |
| |
Verschueren 1983 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Potential for bioaccumulation: lead accumulates in bones.
Positive; a lipoid solvent (Sax 1986).
Bioconcentration factor (mollusca):
120, Mytilus, 96 hr (Verschueren 1983).
Bioconcentration factor (crustaceans):
650, crayfish (Verschueren 1983). |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 12.3 |
orl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 15 |
par-rat, Sax 1986 |
| |
| LC50 values to mammals in inhalation exposure, mg/m3 : |
| 850 |
60 min, ihl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 17 |
orl-rat, Sax 1986 |
| 30 |
orl-rbt |
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 547 |
skn-dog, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 10 |
ipr-rat, Sax 1986 |
| 31 |
ivn-rat |
| 86 |
scu-mus |
| 830 |
skn-rbt |
| 32 |
scu-rbt |
| 23 |
ivn-rbt |
| 995 |
skn-gpg |
| |
| LCLo values to mammals in inhalation exposure, mg/kg : |
| 650 |
7hr, ihl-mus, Sax 1986 |
| |
| TDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 11 |
orl-rat, 6-16d preg, teratogenic |
| 7.5 |
orl-rat, 12-14d preg, teratogenic |
| 11 |
orl-mus, 5-15d preg, teratogenic |
| |
Sax 1986 |
| |
| TDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 100 |
scu-mus, 21D-I, tumorigenic, Sax 1986 |
| |
| Health effects : |
May be absorbed via skin.
Highly toxic by all routes.
Emits
toxic fumes when heated.
An accumulative poison (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| Effects on wastewater treatment : |
May plug filters and exchange beds (Sax 1986).
Will sink rapidly and dissolve very slowly (Sax 1986).
|
| |
| EC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
| 0.3 |
pht, < 0.3, 4hr, Ankistrodesmus falcatus |
| |
Silverberg et al. 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 0.15 |
48hr, Dunaliella, Marchetti 1978 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.02 |
96hr, crayfish |
| |
Maddock & Taylor 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 0.085 |
48hr, Artemia, nauphids, Marchetti 1978 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.02 |
96 hr, Lepomis macrochirus, Verschueren |
| |
1983 |
| |
-- |
| 0.065 |
48hr, Morone labrox, Marchetti 1978 |
| |
-- |
| 0.2 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus, Jones 1971 |
| |
-- |
| 0.23 |
96hr, Pleuronectes |
| |
Maddock & Taylor 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 1.4 |
48hr, Lepomis macrochirus, AQUIRE 1994 |
| |
| Effects on physiology of water organisms : |
Poteriochromonas malhamensis, 0.200 mM, EC50, phy, 0.13 d
(Roderer 1986).
|
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
LC50, 96 hr, Mytilus, 0.10 mg/l (Maddock & Taylor 1977).
|
| |
| Other information : |
Air pollution high (Sax 1986).
|
References |
| 2285 | Anon. 1989.
Miljöfarliga ämnen - exempellista och vetenskaplig
dokumentation. 303 p.
Stockholm.
Rapport från
kemikalieinspektionen (KEMI) 10. |
| 3107 | AQUIRE 1993 -.
Aquatic Toxity Information Retrieval Database.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C.
|
| 2305 | Harrison, R.M. & Laxen, D.P.H. 1978.
Sink processes for
tetraalkyllead compounds in the atmosphere.
Environ.
Sci.
Technol. 12: 1384 - 1392. |
| 2546 | Hayakawa, K. 1972.
Microdetermination and dynamic aspects of in
vivo alkyl lead compounds.
Part II.
Studies on the dynamic
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Jap.
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535. |
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|
| 675 | Jones, H.R. 1971.
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| 873 | Maddock, B.G. & Taylor, D. 1977.
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| 886 | Marchetti, R. 1978.
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JWPCF
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| 1975 | Roderer.
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On the toxic effects of tetraethyl lead and
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