| Chemical |
(R)-(+)-Limonene |
| CAS-number : |
5989-27-5 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| (+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene |
| Carvene |
| Cyclohenene, 4-isopropenyl-1-methyl- |
| Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)- |
| d-Limonene |
| d-p-Mentha-1,8-diene |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C10H16 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2278135 |
| |
| Uses : |
Flavour and fragrance additive for food and domestic products.
Industrial sovent.
Naturally occuring insecticide.
|
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 0.8402 |
Richardson et al. 1994 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 175.5 |
175.5-176°C, Richardson et al. 1994 |
| 176 |
|
| |
| Flashing point, °C : |
| 48 |
Richardson et al. 1994 |
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
Organoc solvent:ethanol (Richardson et al. 1994).
|
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Limits nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification, enchances
immobolisation of NO-3-N relative to NH+4-N and stimulates
overall net immobilisation of nitrogen during breakdown
material (Richardson et al. 1994).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 4400 |
orl-rat |
| 5600 |
orl-mus, RTECS 1996 |
| |
-- |
| 4400 |
orl-rat |
| 5600 |
orl-mus, Richardson et al. 1994 |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 3600 |
ipr-rat |
| 110 |
ivn-rat |
| 600 |
ipr-mus |
| 3170 |
scu-mus |
| 5000 |
>5 g/kg, skn-rbt, RTECS 1996 |
| |
-- |
| 110 |
ivn-rat |
| 600 |
ipr-mus, Richardsone t al. 1994 |
| |
| Effects on physiology of mammals : |
Gavage male, female dog (6 month) 100 or 1000 mg/kg/day induced
no histopathological changes in kidney (Richardson et al.
1994).
|
| |
| Carcinogenicity : |
Gavage male, gemale rat (103 wk) 0, 74, 150 mg/kg and 0,300, 600
mg/kg in corn oil, respectively; male, female mouse 0, 250, 500
mg/kg and 0, 500, 1000 mg/kg in corn oil, respectively.
No
evidence for carcinogenicity in female rat, male, female mice.
Clear evidence for carcinogenicity, kidney tubular celll
adenoma and adenocarcinoma in male rats (Richardson et al.
1994).
|
| |
| Mutagenicity : |
Salmonella typhimurium TA 97, TA98, TA100, TA 1535, TA1537 with
or wihtout metabolic activation negative.
Mouse L5178Ytk+/tk- assay, did not significantly increase the
number of trifluorothymidine (Tft)-resistant cells.
In vitro Chinese hamster ovary cells did not induce chromosomal
aberrations or sister chromatid exchamges (Richardson et al.
1994).
|
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 111 |
>111 mg/kg, orl-Agelaius pheniceus, |
| |
Richardson et al. 1994 |
| |
| Effects on invertebrates : |
LD50 earthworm (Lumbricus terrestis) 6 ppm.
Chronic and acute
intoxication involved rapid and predictable cascade of
behavioural and morphological symptoms, including increased
mucus secretion, writhing, clittellar swelling and elongation
of the body (Richardson et al. 1994).
|
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.702 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1990 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.702 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1990 |
References |
| 3297 | Geiger, D.
L. et al. 1990.
Acute toxicities of organic
chemicals to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) Vol 5.
Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of
Winsconsin-Superior, Superior, Winconsin, U.S.A. 332.
|
| 3298 | Richardson, M.
L. et al. 1992 - 1994.
The dictionary of
substances and their effects.
Vol 1 - 7.
The Royal Society of
Chemistry.
Thomas Graham House, The Science Park, Cambridge,
CB4 4WF.
|
| 3115 | RTECS Database 1992 -.
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health, USA.
TOMES Plus CD-ROM.
|
