Chemical |
Phenobarbital |
CAS-number : |
50-06-6 |
|
Synonyms : |
5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid. |
Phenylbarbital |
phenylethylmalonylurea |
|
Sumformula of the chemical : |
C12H12N2O3 |
EINECS-number : |
2000070 |
|
Uses : |
Medicine (sedative), laboratory reagent.
Also available as the
sodium salt which has good water-solubility.
|
|
State and appearance : |
White, shining, crystalline powder, stable.
|
|
Odor : |
Odorless.
|
|
Melting point, °C : |
174 |
174 - 178 °C |
178 |
|
|
Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
1.28 |
ANON 1986 |
|
Other physicochemical properties : |
Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, alkali hydroxides,
alkali carbonate solutions; sparingly soluble in water.
|
|
Photochemical degradation in air : |
Photooxidation half-life in air:
0.4hr - 3.9hr,
scientific judgement based upon estimated rate data for
hydroxyl radicals in air (Howard 1991).
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|
Half-life in air, days : |
0.02 |
0.4hr - 3.9hr, |
0.16 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated |
|
photooxidation half-life in air, |
|
Howard 1991 |
|
Half-life in soil, days : |
7 |
1w - 4w, scientific judgement based upon estimated |
28 |
aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life, |
|
Howard 1991 |
|
Half-life in water, days : |
7 |
1w - 4w, |
28 |
in surface water, scientific judgement based upon |
|
estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life, |
14 |
2w - 8w, |
56 |
in ground water, scientific judgement based upon |
|
estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life, |
|
Howard 1991 |
|
Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
1w - 4w, scientific judgement (Howard 1991).
|
|
Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
4w - 16w, scientific judgement based upon estimated aqueous
aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard 1991).
|
|
LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
100 |
>100, orl-Agelaius phoeniceus, |
|
Schafer et al. 1983 |
References |
2283 | Anon.1986a.
Evaluation of the OECD laboratory intercomparison
testing on the determination of the partition coefficient
n-octanol-water by reverse phase HPLC.
Report.
Fraunhofer-Institut für Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie. |
3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
Michalenko, E.M., Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates,
1991.
Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
1743 | Schafer , E.W.Jr., Bowles, W.A.Jr., Hurlbut, J. 1983.
The acute
oral toxicity, repellency and hazard potential of 993 chemicals to
one or more species of wild and domestic birds.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 12: 355 - 382. |