| Chemical |
Glyphosate |
| CAS-number : |
1071-83-6 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| glyfosaatti |
| N-(phoshonomethyl)glycine |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C3H8NO5P |
| |
| Uses : |
Active ingredient in herbicides.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
169.09 |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 0.0000001 |
at 25°C, exact 0.000000075 mmHg, KEMI 1990 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 12000 |
at 25°C, KEMI 1990 |
| |
| pKa : |
| 2.3 |
pKa1 |
| 5.6 |
pKa2 |
| 10.3 |
pKa3, KEMI 1990 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| -3 |
KEMI 1990 |
| |
| Adsorption/desorption : |
Glyphosate was bound tightly to soil.
Adsorption depends on
concentration of unbound unorganic phosphorous.
The higher is
concetration the worse adsorption (KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Mobility : |
The leaching of glyphosate was low on the study of soil
thin-layer plates.
The degradationproduct aminomethylphosphoric
acid has more mobile than glyphosate.
Koc: 300 - 11 000, Rf: 0.04 - 0.2 (KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
Decomposes at 200°C (KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in soil : |
Photolysis half-life of glyphosate was about 3 - 4 weeks and
little longer for the degradation product, aminomethylphosphoric
acid (AMPA) (KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Hydrolysis in water : |
Glyphosate is relative stable in hydrolysis but
degradationproduct aminomethylphosphoric acid is hydrolysed
quicly (KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Total degradation in soil : |
Degradation of glyphosate in soil is most part microbiprocess.
The half-life varies from couple days to several years
depending on the microbiactivity in soil.
Degradation of
degradationproduct aminomethylphosphoric acid is more slowly
(KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Degradation is quickliest in water where is high
microbiactivity and low pH.
The half-life is 7 weeks at pH 4.2
(KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Degradation and transformation products : |
Aminomethylphosphoric acid (AMPA) * major degradationproduct
(KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 470 |
orl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 1568 |
orl-mus, - " - |
| |
-- |
| 3800 |
3800 - 4320, orl-rbt, orl-rat |
| 4320 |
KEMI 1990 |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 5000 |
>5000, idr-rbt, KEMI 1990 |
| |
| LC50 values to mammals in inhalation exposure, mg/m3 : |
| 8000 |
>8 mg/l, ihl-rat, KEMI 1990 |
| |
| Effects on bees : |
LD50 (48hr): >100ug/bee (KEMI 1990).
|
| |
| Effects on plants : |
13-day-old common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvaticum) plants
were treated with 15 ug glyphosate applied as droplets to the
lowermost tru leaves -> growth was inhibited rapidly following
treatment; transport of P from roots to the aerial tissues was
severely inhibited (Nafzigen & Slife 1983).
|
| |
| EC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
| 1.3 |
96hr, Skeletonema costatum, Anon 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 1.2 |
96hr, Skeletonema costatum, KEMI 1990 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 780 |
48 hr, Daphnia magna, Anon. 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 5.3 |
48 hr, Daphnia magna (roundup), Anon. |
| |
1984 |
| |
-- |
| 3 |
48 hr, water flea (roundup), Folmar et |
| |
al. 1979 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 780 |
24hr, Daphnia magna, KEMI 1990 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 52 |
52 - 55, 96hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| 55 |
Hildebrand et al. 1982 |
| |
-- |
| 15 |
96hr, Ctenopharyngodon idella |
| |
Tooby et al. 1980 |
| |
-- |
| 140 |
140 - 220, 96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| 220 |
|
| 97 |
96hr, Pimephales promelas |
| 130 |
96hr, Ictalurus punctatus |
| 140 |
24hr, technical glyphosate, S. gairdneri |
| 2.1 |
24hr, surfactant, S. gairdneri |
| 140 |
140 - 240, 96hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| 240 |
|
| |
Folmar 1979 |
| |
-- |
| 86 |
96hr, Salmo gairdneri, Anon. 1984 |
| 120 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| 168 |
96hr, Rasbora heteromorpha |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
NOEL, 21d, rpd, 50 mg/l, Daphnia magna (KEMI 1990).
LC50, 24hr, 38 - 140 mg/l, fish (KEMI 1990).
EC50, 24hr, mbt, 55 mg/l, mosquito larvae.
LC50, 96hr, 281 - 934 mg/l, crayfish (KEMI 1990).
|
References |
| 71 | Anon. 1984.
The use of glyphosate in aquatic situations.
Aquatic seminar, Louvain-La-Neuve, 21 February 1984.
Monsanto. |
| 439 | Folmar, L.C. 1979.
Toxicity of the herbicide glyphosate and
several of its formulations to fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Arch.Environ.Contam.
Toxicol. 8: 269 |
| 581 | Hildebrand, L.D. et al. 1982.
Experimental studies of
rainbow trout populations exposed to field applications of
Roundup herbicide.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 11: 93. |
| 3101 | KEMI 1990 - 1991.
Kemikalieinspektionens ämnesblad.
Faktablad
för verksamma ämnen i bekämpningsmedel avsedda för jordbruk och
trädgårdsnäring mm. |
| 1589 | Lewis, R.J. & Sweet, D.V. 1984.
Registry of toxic effects of
chemical substances.
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health.
No. 83-107-4. |
| 1756 | Nafziger, E.D. & Slife, F.W. 1983.
Physiological response of
common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) to glyphosate.
Weed
Sci. 31: 874 - 878. |
| 1428 | Tooby, T.E. et al. 1980.
The tolerance of grass carp.
Ctenopharyngodon idella val, to aquatic herbicides.
J.
Fish.
Biol. 16: 591. |
