| Chemical |
Furfural |
| CAS-number : |
98-01-1 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 2-furaldehyde |
| furfuraali |
| furfuraldehyde |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C5H4O2 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2026277 |
| |
| Uses : |
solvent refining of lubricating oils, solvent for nitro
cellulose, informedicate for tetrahydrofuran and furfuryl
alcatrol
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
colourless to yellowish liquid
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
96.09 |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 1 |
20°C |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 83000 |
20°C |
| 83000 |
20°C, Suntio et al. 1988 |
| 83000 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -38 |
|
| -38.7 |
Suntio et al. 1988 |
| -36.5 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 162 |
|
| 150 |
150-155, MITI 1992 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 0.154 |
calc., Suntio et al. 1988 |
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
93.5% by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 127 |
orl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 400 |
orl-mus, - " - |
| 50 |
50 - 100, orl-rat, Verschueren 1983 |
| 100 |
|
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 620 |
skn-rbt, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 98 |
>98, orl-Agelaius phoeniceus |
| |
Schafer et al. 1983 |
| |
| Maximum longterm immission concentration in air for plants,mg/m3 : |
| 0.08 |
VDI 2306 |
| |
| Maximum longterm immission concentration in air for plants,ppm : |
| 0.02 |
VDI 2306 |
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
bacteria (Pseudomonas putida): 16 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
| |
| LOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 2.7 |
Microcystis aeruginosa, Bringmann & |
| |
Kuhn 1976 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 32 |
srv,act, 96 hr, Pimephales promelas, |
| |
Vincent et al. 1976 |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
green algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda): 31 mg/l
protozoa (Entosiphon sulcatum): 0.6 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
References |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 187 | Bringmann, G. & Kühn, R. 1976.
Vergleichende Befunde der
Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegen Bakterien
(Pseudomonas putida) und Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa).
Gwf-Wasser-Abwasser 117(9). |
| 188 | Bringmann, G. & Kühn, R. 1980a.
Comparison of the toxicity
thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria, algae and
protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test.
Water
Res. 14: 231 - 241. |
| 1589 | Lewis, R.J. & Sweet, D.V. 1984.
Registry of toxic effects of
chemical substances.
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health.
No. 83-107-4. |
| 3105 | MITI 1992.
Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing
chemicals based on the CSCL Japan.
Compild under the Safety
Division Basic Industries Bureau Ministry of International
Trade & Industry, Japan.
Edited by Chemicals Inspection &
Testing Institute, Japan.
|
| 1743 | Schafer , E.W.Jr., Bowles, W.A.Jr., Hurlbut, J. 1983.
The acute
oral toxicity, repellency and hazard potential of 993 chemicals to
one or more species of wild and domestic birds.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 12: 355 - 382. |
| 2602 | Suntio, L.
R., Shiu, W.
Y. and Mackay, D. 1988.
A review of the
nature and properties of chemicals present in pulp mill
effluents.
Chemosphere 17(7): 1249 - 1290. |
| 1599 | VDI 2306.
VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft.
Maximale
Immissions-Konzentrationen (MIK).
Organische Verbildungen. |
| 1468 | Verschueren, K. 1983.
Handbook of environmental data of
organic chemicals.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
Inc., New York.
1310 s. |
