| Chemical |
Silver |
| CAS-number : |
7440-22-4 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| Hopea |
| silver ion, hopea-ioni. |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| Ag |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2311313 |
| |
| Uses : |
Manufacture of silver nitrate, silver bromide, photographic
chemicals; linig vats and other equipment for chemical reaction
vessels, water distillation, etc.; mirrors, electric
conductors, such as bus bars; silver plating, electronic
equipments; sterilant; water purification; surgical cements;
hydration and oxidation catalyst; special batteries, solar
cells; reflectors for solar towers; low temperature brazing
alloys; table cutlery; jewelry; dental, medical, and
scientific equipment; electrical contacts; bearing metal;
magnet windings; dental amalgams.
Colloidal silver is used as a
nucleating agent in photography and in medicine, often combined
with protein.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Soft, ductile, lustrous, white solid; highest elctrical and
thermal conductivity of all metal.
Excellent light reflector
that resists oxidation, but tarnishes in air through reaction
with atmospheric compounds.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
107.87 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 961 |
|
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 2212 |
|
| |
| Mobility : |
Ag can appear in ionform (Ag+, Ag2+), as AgCl, as chloride
complexes and as anion complexes (AgO-, Ag(S2O3)23-, Ag(SO)423-)
in the environment (Kabata-Pendias & Pendias 1984).
In soil mobile silver complexes become immobile around pH 4
(Kabata-Pendias & Pendias 1984).
Ag is absorbed and bound to complexes with humus both in soil and
water environments (Kabata-Pendias & Pendias 1984).
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
Soluble in nitric acid, hot sulfuric acid, and alkali cyanide
solutions; insoluble in water and alkalies.
Noncombustible
except as powder.
|
| |
| Metabolism in mammals : |
Silver is absorbed both via lungs and in alimentary canal
(Tipton & Cook 1963).
Excreting of silver is 8 times greater via faeces than via
urine (Tipton et al. 1966).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 1 |
<1, 28d, Lepomis, USEPA 1980 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Bioconcentration factor (mollusca):
0.03-8, tissue/sediment (Luoma & Jenne 1977).
Bioconcentration factor (algae):
210, calc., plankton
240, calc., brown algae
(Bowen 1966).
620-15000, phytoplankton
(Cushing & Rancitelli 1972). |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 100 |
orl-mus, colloidal Ag, |
| |
Christensen 1973 |
| |
| Health effects : |
An experimental tumorigen.
Human systemic effects by
inhalation: skin effects.
Inhalation of dusts can cause
argyrosis.
|
| |
| Carcinogenicity : |
Intravenous injektion of colloidal Ag induces tumors in rats
(Furst & Haro 1969).
Ag is not considered carcinogen (USEPA 1980).
|
| |
| Teratogenicity : |
No teratogenic effects have been observed in chicken embryos (4
than 8 days old) (Ridgeway & Karnofsky 1952).
|
| |
| Effects on amphibia : |
LD50 (96hr), 0.026 mg/l, tadpoles of Rana hexadactyla
(Khangarot et al. 1985).
|
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.0006 |
0.0006 - 0.0550, Ag+,48hr,Daphnia magna, |
| 0.055 |
Barera & Adams 1983 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0015 |
48hr, Daphnia magna, LeBlanc 1980 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.01 |
48hr, mbt, Daphnia magna |
| |
Khangarot & Ray 1987 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.1 |
72hr, Cyprinus carpio |
| 0.047 |
72hr,Carassius auratus,Ding et al.1982 |
| |
-- |
| 0.029 |
96hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Khangarot & Ray 1987 |
| |
| LOEC values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.0001 |
Salmo gairdneri,Nebeker et al.1983a |
| |
-- |
| 0.00017 |
srv, schr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Davies et al. 1978 |
| |
| NOEC values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.0001 |
grw, schr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Davies et al. 1978 |
| |
| Other information : |
Source: Chief silver ores are native silver, argentite (silver
sulfide), and cerargyrite (silver cloride).
|
References |
| 2285 | Anon. 1989.
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Trace elements in biochemistry.
Academic
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| 2905 | Browning, E. 1969.
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| 319 | Davies, P.H., Goettl, J.P. & Sinley, J.R. 1978.
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- 117. |
| 342 | Ding, S. et al. 1982.
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| 1763 | Martin, T.R. & Holdich, D.M. 1986.
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