| Chemical |
o-Chloronitrobenzene |
| CAS-number : |
88-73-3 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene |
| 2-chloro-1-nitrobenzene |
| 2-chloronitrobenzene |
| 2-kloorinitrobentseeni |
| 2-nitrochlorobenzene |
| chloro-o-nitrobenzene |
| o-kloorinitrobentseeni |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C6H4ClNO2 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2018549 |
| |
| State and appearance : |
Needles
|
| |
| Odor : |
Odour threshold: detection: 0.015 - 0.020 mg/kg (Verschueren
1983)
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
157.56 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 1.368 |
22/4°C |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 0.03 |
at 20 °C, est. Lyman et al. 1982 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 10 |
20 °C, Anon 1986b |
| |
-- |
| 199 |
at 25 °C, Yalkowsky et al. 1987 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 32.5 |
|
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 245.7 |
|
| 244 |
Anon 1986b |
| 245 |
245-246 |
| 246 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 2.24 |
Anon 1986b |
| 2.24 |
Hansch & Leo 1985 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 3.6 |
est. Hine & Mookerjee 1975 |
| |
| Volatilization : |
Using the estimated Henry's Law constant, the volatilization
half-life from 1 m deep in surface water with a current
velocity of 1 m/sec and wind speed of 3 m/sec has been
estimated to be 33.5 hours (Lyman et al. 1982).
Based on the vapor pressure of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene
volitilization from dry soil surfaces would probably not be
rapid; although it may be a significant in absence of other
more rapid removal processes (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Adsorption/desorption : |
Based on the values of log Kow and water solubility, the soil
adsorption coefficient (Koc) for 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene has
been estimated to be 155-398.
These Koc values suggest that
compound should be moderately mobile in soil (Swann et al. 1983)
(Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
If released to the atmosphere, 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in the
vapor phase is predicted to react with photochemically
generated hydroxyl radicals with estimated reaction half-life
of 1.97 days at 25 °C (GEMS 1986).
Weak adsoprtion of UV light greater than 290 nm by
1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in methanol indicates potential for
photolysis by sunlight in water and air (Sadtler).
Chloronitrophenols may form as the result of the photochemical
reaction of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in air (Kanno & Nojima
1979).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
In the presence of TiO2, the photolysis half-life of
1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene in aqueous solutions was about 2 hr
with artifical light of wavelengths greater than 290 nm
(Hustert et al. 1987).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
8.2 % by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 30 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
I-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene (21.1 ppm) in Ohio River water
inoculated weekly with settled sewage underwent no degradation
in 175 days. 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene (100 ppm) inoculated with
30 ppm avtivated sludge at 25 °C was less than 30 % degraded
after 2 weeks.
The aquatic biodegradation half-life of
1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene was reported to be much >4 weeks with
both adapted and unadapted microorganisms (Canton et al. 1985)
(Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be non-biodegradable (Anon. 1987) |
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Biodegradation: decomposition period by a soil microflora: >64
days (Verschueren 1983).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 7 |
7.0 - 20.8, 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.25 mg/l, |
| 20.8 |
|
| 7.4 |
7.4 - 22.3, 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.025 mg/l, |
| 22.3 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Confirmed to be nonaccumulative or low accumulative (Anon
1987).
An BCF value of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene is estimated to be 28
(Canton et al. 1985).
An experimentally measured value in guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
was 195 (Deceer et al. 1987).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 135 |
orl-mus, Sweet 1987 |
| 288 |
orl-rat |
| 280 |
orl-rbt |
| |
-- |
| 268 |
orl-rat, Anon 1986b |
| 135 |
orl-mus, Anon 1986b |
| 290 |
orl-rat, Anon 1986b |
| 457 |
orl-rat, female, Anon 1986b |
| 270 |
orl-rat, male, Anon 1986b |
| |
| TDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 140 |
orl-mus, tumorigenic |
| 22 |
orl-rat, tumorigenic |
| |
Sweet 1987 |
| |
| EC50 values to microorganism, mg/l : |
| 4 |
Microtox, Kaiser and Ribo 1985 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 15 |
Daphnia magna, Anon 1986b |
| 3.2 |
7d, Daphnia magna, Anon 1986b |
| |
| NOEC values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.1 |
7d, rpd, Daphnia, Anon 1986b |
| |
-- |
| 3 |
21 d, rpd, Daphnia magna, AQUIRE 1994 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 1.2 |
srv,act, 96 hr, Lepomis macrochirus, |
| 0.55 |
srv,act, 96 hr, Menidia audens, |
| |
Dawson et al. 1977a |
| |
-- |
| 5 |
5 - 10 mg/l, Leuciscus idus melanotus |
| 10 |
Anon 1986b |
| 30 |
4d, Poecilia reticulate, Anon 1986b |
| |
-- |
| 28 |
48hr, Oryzias latipes, MITI 1992 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 1.8 |
4d, Poecilia reticulate, Anon 1986b |
References |
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| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
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| 3107 | AQUIRE 1993 -.
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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