| Chemical |
Allylalcohol |
| CAS-number : |
107-18-6 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 2-propen-1-ol |
| 2-propenoli: propenylalcohol |
| Allyylialkoholi |
| propenol-3 |
| vinylcarbinol |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| CH2=CH-CH2OH;
C3H6O |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2034707 |
| |
| Uses : |
Contact pesticide for weed seeds and certain fungi; solvent.
Allul alcohol is used in the preparation of esters for use in
resins and plastiziners, as an intermediate inthe production of
pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals, in the manufacture of
glyserol and acrolein, and in the production of military poison
gas and herbicides (Hanley 1981) (Merck Index 1983).
|
| |
| Odor : |
Characteristic.
Quality: alcoholic.
Hedonic tone: not unpleasant.
(Verschueren 1983)
Faint odour: 0.017 mg/l water (Verschueren 1983).
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
58.09 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 0.825 |
at 20/4 °C |
| |
| Vapor density (air=1) : |
| 2 |
|
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 ppm in air=_mg/m3 : |
| 2.414 |
mg/m3 |
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 mg/m3 in air=_ppm : |
| 0.414 |
ppm |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 20 |
20 °C |
| 32 |
30 °C |
| 23.5 |
25 °C, Bridie et al. 1979 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -129 |
|
| -129 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 96.9 |
|
| 96.9 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 0.17 |
Sangster 1989 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 0.564 |
calc. Yaws et al. 1991 |
| 0.496 |
at 25 °C, Hine & Mookerjee 1975 |
| |
| Volatilization : |
Relative volatility (nBuAc=1) = 1.47
Based on the Henry's Law constant, only slow volatilization of
allyl alcohol, if any, is expected to occur from water or moist
soil (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Adsorption/desorption : |
Using the measured log octanol/water partition coefficient, a
soil sorption coefficient of 1.47 can be estimated (Lyman et
al. 1982).
A soil sorption coefficient of this magnitude suggests that
allyl alcohol will not adsorp strongly to soil and may
therefore leach to ground water (Kenaga 1980).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Using a 2nd-order rate constant of 25.9 cm3/molecule-sec and an
average hydroxyl radical concentration of 5x10-5 molecules/cm3,
a pseudo first-order rate constant of 1.3x10-5 sec-1 can be
estimated.
From this value, ahalf-life of 14.7 hr can be
estimated (Howard 1989).
Using the Fate of Atmospheric Pollutants portion of GEMS, a
half-life for the reaction of allyl alcohol with
photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals of 6.03 hr was
estimated (GEMS 1986).
Direct photolysis is not expected to be important as allyl
alcohol should not absorb significant amounts of radiation at
>290 nm (Howard 1989).
Photooxidation half-life in air:
22hr - 2.2hr, scientific judgement based upon estimated rate
constant for reaction with hydroxyl radical in air (Howard
1991).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
Photooxidation by ultra violet light in aqueous medium at 50
°C: 13.9 % degradation of CO2 after 24 hours (Knoevenagel &
Himmelreich 1976).
When a 13.5 mg/l aqueous solvents of allyl alcohol reacted with
hydroxyl radicals formed by the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide
by light at >290 nm at a pH of 5.9 for 3 hr, 14.85% of the
allyl alcohol degraded (Mansour 1985).
Photooxidation half-life in water:
37yr - 334d, based upon measured rate constant for reaction
with hydroxyl radical in water (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Chemical oxygen demand, g O2/g : |
| 2.12 |
5 days, Bridie et al. 1979 |
| |
| Biochemical oxygen demand, g O2/g : |
| 1.79 |
5 days, Bridie et al. 1979 |
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 0.917 |
22hr - 2.2hr, |
| 0.0917 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated photooxidation halflife in air. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 7 |
7d - 1d, |
| 1 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 7 |
7d - 1d, |
| 1 |
in surface water: scientific judgement based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| 14 |
14d - 2d, |
| 2 |
in ground water: scientific judgement based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Following incubation of 20 °C with settled sewage seed, 2.5 ppm
of allyl alcohol had degraded to 9.1%, 55%, 7.2 % and 81.8% of
the theoretical BOD after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, respectively
(Lamb & Jenkins 1952).
After 10 days exposure to a sewage seed at 20 °C, a BOD of 1.60
(ppm oxygen/ppm allyl alcohol) was observed.
The theoretical
BOD was 2.2 (ppm oxygen/ppm allyl alcohol) (Mills & Stack 1954).
In a 5-day BOD test, 81% of the theoretical oxygen demand was
observed incubation of allyl alcohol at 20 °C with sewage seed
(Bridie 1979).
Allyl alcohol has been confirmed to be easily biodegradable in
the 14-day Japanese MITI screening biodegradability test
(Sasaki 1978).
Aerobic half-life:
7d - 1d, scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aqueous
aerobic biodegradation screening test data (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
28d - 4d, scientific judgement based upon estimated
unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life (Howard
1991).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
86% by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Impact on biodegradation processes: 75 % inhibition of the
nitrification process in activated sludge at 19.5 mg/l
(Verschueren 1983).
|
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Allyl alcohol is not expected to bioconcentrate, based on its
measured log octanol/water partition coefficient (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 64 |
orl-rat,Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 96 |
orl-mus, Patty 1967 |
| 71 |
orl-rbt |
| 64 |
64 - 105, orl-rat |
| 105 |
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 45 |
skn-rbt,Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| LC50 values to mammals in inhalation exposure, mg/m3 : |
| 500 |
2 hr,ihl-mus,Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| LC50 values to mammals in inhalation exposure, ppm : |
| 165 |
4 hr, ihl-rat,Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 76 |
8hr, ihl-rat, Patty 1967 |
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 5 |
orl-rat,Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| Other information of mammals : |
Rat: repeated ingestion no effect 4 - 12 mg/kg
Rat: inhalation no effect 20 ppm, 60 x 7 hr (Patty 1967).
|
| |
| Health effects : |
Man: slight eye irritation: 6.25 ppm
nasal irritation: < 0.78 ppm
pulmonary discomfort: > 25 ppm
(Patty 1967).
|
| |
| Effects on plants : |
Highly phytocidal (Martin 1968).
|
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 1 |
24 hr,Carassius auratus |
| |
Bridie et al. 1979 |
| |
-- |
| 0.32 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1990 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.32 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1990 |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
LC50 Mercennaria mercennaria:
12 d,0.25 mg/l
48 hr,1.0 mg/l (Kemp et al. 1973).
|
References |
| 62 | Anon. 1975.
Shell Chemie, Shell Industrie Chemicalien
gids, Shell Nederland Chemie, Afd.
Industriechemicalien,
Wassenaarseweg 80, 'sGravenhage, Nederland. |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 182 | Bridie, A.L. et al. 1979.
The acute toxicity of some
petrochemicals to goldfish.
Water Res. 13: 623. |
| 1680 | Bridie, A.L., Wolff, C.J.M. & Winter, M. 1979.
BOD and COD of
some petrochemicals.
Water Res. 13: 627 - 630. |
| 3297 | Geiger, D.
L. et al. 1990.
Acute toxicities of organic
chemicals to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) Vol 5.
Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of
Winsconsin-Superior, Superior, Winconsin, U.S.A. 332.
|
| 3155 | Hawley, G.
G. 1981.
Condensed Chem Dictionary 10 th ed.
Van
Nostrand Reinhold NY p. 34.
|
| 3045 | Hine, J. & Mookerjee, P.
K. 1975.
J.
Org.
Chem. 40: 292 - 298.
|
| 3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
Michalenko, E.M., Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates,
1991.
Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
| 704 | Kemp, H.T., Little, R.L., Holoman, V.L. & Darby, R.L.
1973.
Water quality data book - Vol. 5.
Effects of
chemicals on aquatic life.
EPA.
Water pollution control
research series 09/73. |
| 2626 | Kenaga, E.
E. 1980.
Ecotoxical.
Environ.
Safety 4: 26 - 38.
|
| 1850 | Knoevenagel, K. & Himmelreich, R. 1976.
Degradation of
compounds containing carbon atoms by photooxidation in the
presence of water.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol 4(4): 324 -
333. |
| 3156 | Lamb, C.
B. & Jenkins, G.
F. 1952.
Proc. 8th Indus Waste Conf.
Purdue Univ. pp. 329.
|
| 1589 | Lewis, R.J. & Sweet, D.V. 1984.
Registry of toxic effects of
chemical substances.
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health.
No. 83-107-4. |
| 2960 | Lyman, W.
J. et al. 1982.
Handbook of Chemical Property
Estimation Methods.
Environmental behavior of organic
compounds.
McGraw-Hill New York. |
| 897 | Martin, H. 1968.
Pesticide manual, British crop protection
council, Clacks Farm, Boreley, Ombersley, Droitwich, Worcester,
U.K. |
| 3006 | Merck Index. 1983.
An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals 10th ed. p 853.
|
| 3157 | Mills, E.
J. & Stack, V.
T. 1954.
Proc. 8th Indus Waste Conf.
Purdue Univ.
Extension Series 83: 492-517.
|
| 3105 | MITI 1992.
Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing
chemicals based on the CSCL Japan.
Compild under the Safety
Division Basic Industries Bureau Ministry of International
Trade & Industry, Japan.
Edited by Chemicals Inspection &
Testing Institute, Japan.
|
| 1644 | Patty, F.A. 1967.
Industrial hygiene and toxicology.
Vol 2.
Interscience Publishers. |
| 3104 | Sangster, J. 1989.
Octanol-water partition coefficients of
simple organic compounds.
J.
Phys.
Chem.
Ref.
Data, Vol 18, No.
3: 1111 - 1229. |
| 3053 | Sasaki, S. 1978.
The Scientif Aspects of the Chemical Substance
Control Law in Japan in Aquatic Pollutants Transformation and
Biological Effects.
Hutzinger, O. et al.
(eds.)
Oxford Pergamon
Press. pp. 283 - 98.
|
| 1468 | Verschueren, K. 1983.
Handbook of environmental data of
organic chemicals.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
Inc., New York.
1310 s. |
| 3030 | Yaws, C., Yang, H-C. & Pan, X. 1991.
Henry's law constants for
362 organic compounds in water.
Chemical Engineering.
November.
p 179 - 185. |
