| Chemical |
Endosulfan |
| CAS-number : |
115-29-7 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 6,7,8,9,10-heksakloori-1,5,5a,6,9,9aheksahydro-6,9-metano-2,4,3-bentsodioksatiepin-3-oksidi |
| 6,7,8,9,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3- benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide |
| endosulfaani |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C9H6Cl6O3S |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2040794 |
| |
| Uses : |
Active ingredient in insecticides; acaricide.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Brown crystals
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
406.91 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 70 |
70 - 100 |
| 100 |
|
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 3.84 |
LOGKOW 1994 |
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Photooxidation half-life in air:
28.8hr - 2.5hr, scientific judgement based upon an estimated
rate constant for the vapor phase reaction with hydroxyl
radicals in air with a deoxygenated endosulfan analog (Howard
1991).
|
| |
| Hydrolysis in water : |
First-order hydrolysis half-life:
9.1d, scientific judgement based upon neutral rate constant for
alpha-endosulfan (3.2X10-3 hr-1) at pH 7 and 25 °C.
First-order hydrolysis half-life:
7.8d, scientific judgement based upon neutral rate constant for
beta-endosulfan (3.7X10-3 hr-1) at pH 7 and 25 °C.
(Howard 1991)
|
| |
| Hydrolysis in acid : |
Acid rate constant (M(H+)-hr)-1:
8.1X10-3 hr-1, (t1/2 = 9.1d) for alpha-endosulfan at pH 5 and
25 °C.
Acid rate constant (M(H+)-hr)-1:
7.4X10-3 M-1 hr-1, (t1/2 = 7.8d) for beta-endosulfan at pH 5
and 25 °C.
(Howard 1991)
|
| |
| Hydrolysis in base : |
Base rate constant (M(OH-)-hr)-1:
1.0X104 M-1 hr-1, (t1/2 = 6.7hr) based upon a rate constant for
alpha-endusulfan at pH 9 and 25 °C.
Base rate constant (M(OH-)-hr)-1:
1.5X104 M-1 hr-1, (t1/2 = 4.5hr) based upon a rate constant for
beta-endosulfan at pH 9 and 25 °C.
(Howard 1991)
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 1.03 |
24.8hr - 2.5hr, |
| 0.1 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated photooxidation half-life in air for a deoxygenated endosulfan analog. |
| |
(Howard 1991) |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 9.1 |
9.1d - 4.5hr, |
| 0.19 |
scientific judgement based upon aqueous hydrolysis half-lives for alpha- and betaendosulfan at pH 7 (low t1/2) and 9 (higt t1/2) and 25°C, respectively. |
| |
(Howard 1991) |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 9.1 |
9.1d - 4.5hr, |
| 0.19 |
in surface water: scientific judgement based upon aqueous hydrolysis half-lives for alpha- and betaendosulfan at pH 7 (low t1/2) and 9 (high t1/2) and 25°C, respectively. |
| 9.1 |
9.1d - 0.19d, |
| 0.19 |
in ground water: scientific judgement based upon aqueous hydrolysis half-lives for alpha- and betaendosulfan at pH 7 (low t1/2) and 9 (higt t1/2) and 25°C, respectively. |
| |
(Howard 1991) |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
14d - 2d, scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aerobic
river die-away test data (high t1/2) and reported soil grab
sample data (low t1/2) (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
56d - 8d,scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aerobic
biodegradation half-life (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
0 % of original compound found after 4 weeks in river water
(initial concentration 10 ug/l) (Verschueren 1983).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 620 |
620 - 1344, Verschueren 1983 |
| 1344 |
|
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Bioconcentration factor (mollusca):
600, Mytilus edulis (Verschueren 1983)
Bioconcentration factor (crustaceans):
81 - 245, Palaemonetes pugio (Verschueren 1983). |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 18 |
orl-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 2 |
orl-cat, - " - |
| 7.36 |
orl-mus, - " - |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 74 |
skn-rat, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 100 |
ukn-rat, Virtanen & Nuuja 1987 |
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 33 |
orl-dck, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 35 |
orl-bwc, - " - |
| |
-- |
| 35 |
orl-Sturnus vulgaris |
| |
Schafer et al. 1983 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.06 |
48 hr, Daphnia magna, Sanders & Cope |
| |
1966 |
| 0.00004 |
96 hr, Penaeus duorarum, Verschueren |
| |
1983 |
| |
-- |
| 0.158 |
0.158 - 0.740, 48hr, Daphnia magna |
| 0.74 |
Nebeker 1982 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0108 |
96hr, Saccobranchus fossilis |
| |
Verma et al. 1982 |
| |
-- |
| 0.24 |
act, Daphnia pulex,Frear & Boyd 1967 |
| |
-- |
| 0.00352 |
96hr, Macrobrachium lamarrei |
| |
Shukla & Omkar 1984 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.13 |
21 d, imb, Daphnia magna, AQUIRE 1994 |
| |
| NOEC values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.003 |
rpd, schr, Daphnia magna |
| |
Macek et al. 1976c |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.0003 |
96 hr, Salmo gairdneri, |
| |
Schoettger 1970, Macek et al. 1976a |
| |
-- |
| 0.00009 |
96 hr, Leistomus canthurus, Schoettger |
| |
1970 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0015 |
96hr, Fundulus heteroclitus, Trim 1987 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0015 |
24hr, Cyprinus carpio,Hashimoto et |
| |
al.1982 |
| |
-- |
| 0.004 |
act, Barbus stigma, Manoharan & Subbiah |
| |
1982 |
| |
-- |
| 0.002 |
96hr, Heteropneustes fossilis |
| |
Singh & Srivastava 1982 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0027 |
96hr, Poelicia reticulata |
| |
Gupta et al. 1984 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0097 |
96hr, Heteropneustes fossilis |
| |
Singh & Narain 1982 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0003 |
96hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Macek et al. 1976 |
| |
-- |
| 0.02 |
0.020 - 0.042, 4d, Anguilla anguilla |
| 0.042 |
Ferrando et al. 1987 |
| |
-- |
| 0.006308 |
0.006308 - 0.008689, 4d |
| 0.008689 |
Barbus javanicus |
| 0.000891 |
0.000891 - 0.003199, 4d |
| 0.003199 |
Catla catla |
| 0.001711 |
0.001711 - 0.004078, 4d |
| 0.004078 |
Ctenopharyngodon idella |
| 0.001331 |
0.001331 - 0.004302, 1d |
| 0.004302 |
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
| 0.000261 |
0.000261 - 0.002428, 4d |
| 0.002428 |
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |
| 0.001387 |
0.001387 - 0.004341, 1d |
| 0.004341 |
Labeo rohita |
| 0.000356 |
0.000356 - 0.002688, 4d |
| 0.002688 |
Labeo rohita |
| |
Paul & Raut 1987 |
| |
-- |
| 0.00205 |
0.00205 - 0.00328, 4d |
| 0.00328 |
Tilapia aurea, Herzberg 1986 |
| |
-- |
| 0.0027 |
96 hr, Poecilia reticulata, AQUIRE 1994 |
| |
| LOEC values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.0004 |
rpd, chr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Macek et al. 1976c |
| |
| NOEC values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.0002 |
rpd, chr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Macek et al. 1976c |
| |
| Effects on physiology of water organisms : |
Oziotelphusa senex senex; 3.8 mg/l, 4 d, biochemical effect
(change in physiochemical process including glycogen uptake,
cholesterol levels and lipid analysis).
(Vijayakumari et al. 1987).
Oziotelphusa senex senex; 3.8 mg/l, 4 d, change in enzyme
activity (Naidu et al. 1986).
|
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
Procambarus clarkii; 0.560 mg/l, 4 d, 100 % mortality or 0 %
surviving including algicidal and herbicidal effects
(Andreu-Moliner et al. 1986).
LC50, >1.89 mg/l, 96hr, renewal, Aplexa hypnorum
(Holcombe et al. 1983).
|
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