| Chemical |
Polychlorinated biphenyls |
| CAS-number : |
1336-36-3 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 1,1'-Biphenyl, chloro derivs. |
| PCB |
| polychlorobiphenyl (Cl = 2; CAS 25512-42-5) |
| polychlorobiphenyl (Cl = 3; CAS 25323-68-6) |
| polychlorobiphenyl (Cl = 4; CAS 26914-33-0) |
| polychlorobiphenyl (Cl = 6; CAS 26601-64-9) |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2156481 |
| |
| Uses : |
In heat transfer, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and insecticides.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
A series of technical mixtures consisting of many isomers and
compounds that vary from mobile oily liquids to white
crystalline solids and hard noncrystalline resins.
Technical
products vary in composition, in the degree of chlorination and
possibly according to batch.
|
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 0.052 |
24 °C, Aroclor 1262 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 340 |
340-375 |
| 375 |
|
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 5 |
5-7, Anon. 1989 |
| 7 |
|
| |
-- |
| 4 |
4-8.3, Anon. 1986b |
| 8.3 |
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
(Cl = 2; CAS 25512-42-9) (Cl = 3; CAS 25323-68-6)
Biodegradation: Biodegradation:
12.8% by BOD 2% by BOD
period: 14d period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l sludge: 30 mg/l
(Cl =4; CAS 26914-33-0) (Cl = 6; CAS 26601-64-9)
Biodegradation: Biodegradation:
0% by BOD 0.8% by BOD
period: 14d period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
|
| |
| Degradation and transformation products : |
Chlorinated dibenzofurans
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be non-biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Photolytic dechlorination has been indicated (Crosby & Moilanen
1973).
In water solution photochemical degradation can produce
chlorinated dibenzofurans (Crosby & Moilanen 1973).
Low chlorinated components degrade aerobically.
For example
Aroclor 1221 in 30 days (Wong & Kaiser 1975).
Anaerobic degradation occurs only by selected bacteria
cultures, except for 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (Chen et al.
1988).
|
| |
| Metabolism in mammals : |
Effective uptake in alimentary canal.
Is metabolized for
instance to toxic methylsulfones (Anon. 1989).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 1120 |
1120 - 10300, 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.0066 mg/l |
| 10300 |
(Cl = 2; CAS 25512-42-5) |
| 600 |
600 - 16000, 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.0022 mg/l |
| 16000 |
(Cl = 2; CAS 25512-42-9) |
| 5900 |
5900 - 20200, 4w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.0054 mg/l |
| 20200 |
(Cl = 3; CAS 25323-68-6) |
| 5500 |
5500 - 15900, 4w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.0018 mg/l |
| 15900 |
(Cl = 3; CAS 25323-68-6) |
| 8100 |
8100 - 21900, 4w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.0063 mg/l |
| 21900 |
(Cl = 4; CAS 26914-33-0) |
| 5100 |
5100 - 19800, 4w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.0021 mg/l |
| 19800 |
(Cl = 4; CAS 26914-33-0) |
| 1700 |
1700 - 7700, 4w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.042 mg/l |
| 7700 |
(Cl = 6; CAS 26601-64-9) |
| 2500 |
2500 - 9400, 4w, Cyprinus carpio, conc. 0.014 mg/l |
| 9400 |
(Cl = 6; CAS 26601-64-9) |
| |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Confirmed to be accumulated on a high level (Anon. 1987).
No unambiguous biomagnification in food chain of water
organisms - clear biomagnification in terrestrial animals
(Landner & Skoglund 1977).
Bioconcentration factor (mammals):
13000000, sea water/dolphin
(Virtanen & Nuuja 1987).
Bioconcentration factor (crustaceans):
6400, sea water/zoopl.
(Virtanen & Nuuja 1987). |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 1900 |
orl-mus, Sax 1989 |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
| 4000 |
4000-11000, unk-rat |
| 11000 |
Virtanen & Nuuja 1987 |
| |
-- |
| 500 |
ukn-mink, Arochlor 1254 |
| |
Virtanen & Nuuja 1987 |
| |
| TDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 325 |
orl-mam, Sax 1989 |
| 16800 |
orl-rat |
| |
| Effects on reproduction of mammals : |
Effects on reproduction of seals and sea lions together with
high PCB concentrations (IJC 1977).
5-11 mg/kg prevented reproduction of mink; 20 mg/kg was lethat
(Virtanen & Nuuja 1987).
|
| |
| Other information of mammals : |
Mink, orl, 9.9 mg/d, 22 d, lethal effects (Kihlström et al.
1976).
|
| |
| Health effects : |
Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Some are poisons by other
routes.
Suspected human carcinogens.
Experimental carcinogens
and tumorigens.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Two distinct
actions on the body, a skin effect and a toxic action on the
liver.
The higher the chlorine content of the diphenyl
compound, the more toxic is it liable to be (Sax 1989).
Lowest lethal dose (man): 500 mg/kg (Virtanen & Nuuja 1987).
|
| |
| Carcinogenicity : |
Induction of liver tumors in mice with high doses (Tomic et al.
1973).
|
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
EC50, Arochlor 1016, 2.050 mg/l, 5 min, Anon. 1986b
EC50, Arochlor 1221, 0.009 mg/l, 5 min, Anon. 1986b
EC50, Arochlor 1242, 0.700 mg/l, 5 min, Anon. 1986b
|
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.03 |
Clophen A30, 0.03-0.1, 48hr, |
| 0.01 |
Crangon crangon, |
| 1 |
Clophen A40, 1.0-3.3, 48hr, |
| 3.3 |
Crangon crangon, |
| 3.3 |
Clophen A50, 3.3 -10, 48hr, |
| 10 |
Crangon crangon, Kemp et al. 1973 |
| |
-- |
| 0.01 |
LC50/EC50, 0.010 - 0.073 mg/l, |
| 0.073 |
Gammarus sp., Anon. 1986b |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.01 |
LC50/EC50, 0.010 - 0.073 mg/l, |
| 0.073 |
Gammarus sp., Anon. 1986b |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 2.5 |
96hr, Salmo clarci, Mayer et al. 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 0.32 |
96hr,Rasbora heteromorpha,Tooby et al.75 |
| |
-- |
| 0.002 |
96hr, Salmo gairdneri, |
| 0.0023 |
96hr, Micropterus salmoides, |
| 0.0077 |
96hr, 0.0077 - 0.300 mg/l, Pimephales promelas |
| 0.3 |
|
| 0.0087 |
30d, 0.0087 - 0.139 mg/l, Ictalurus punctatus |
| 0.139 |
|
| 0.084 |
30d, 0.084 - 0.400 mg/l, Lepomis macrochirus |
| 0.4 |
Anon. 1986b |
| |
-- |
| 2.2 |
48hr, Cyprinus carpio, (Cl = 2; CAS 25512-42-9) |
| 1.8 |
48hr, Cyprinus carpio, (Cl = 3; CAS 25323-68-6) |
| 2.1 |
48hr, Cyprinus carpio, (Cl = 4; CAS 26914-33-0) |
| 14 |
48hr, Cyprinus carpio, (Cl = 6; CAS 26601-64-9) |
| |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Effects on reproduction of water organisms : |
Effects on reproduction, Clophen A 60, Brachydanio, 0.001 mg/l
(Kihlström et al. 1977).
|
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
Aroclor 1262: Harlequin fish: 96hr LC10: not toxic below 100
mg/l (Tooby et al. 1975).
|
References |
| 2358 | Anon 1986b.
Beitrag zur Beurteilung von 19 gefährlichen Stoffen
in oberirdischen Gewässern.
Texte 10.
Umweltbundesamt. pp. 163. |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 2285 | Anon. 1989.
Miljöfarliga ämnen - exempellista och vetenskaplig
dokumentation. 303 p.
Stockholm.
Rapport från
kemikalieinspektionen (KEMI) 10. |
| 2887 | Brouwer, A., Reijnder, P.J.H. & Koeman, J.H. 1989.
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) - contaminated fish induces
vitamin A and thyroid hormone deficiency in the common seal
(Phoca vitulina).
Aquat.
Toxicol. 15: 99 - 106. |
| 2880 | Chen, M., Hong, C.S., Bush, B. & Rhee, G.-Y. 1988.
Anaerobic
biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by bacteria from
Hudson River sediments.
Ecotoxicol.
Environ.
Safety 16: 95 -
105. |
| 2878 | Crosby, D.G. & Moilanen, K.W. 1973.
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Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 10: 372 - 377. |
| 2886 | IJC 1977.
New and Revised Great Lakes Water Quality Objectives,
Volume II.
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| 704 | Kemp, H.T., Little, R.L., Holoman, V.L. & Darby, R.L.
1973.
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chemicals on aquatic life.
EPA.
Water pollution control
research series 09/73. |
| 2884 | Kihlström, J.-E., Olsson, M. & Jensen, S. 1976.
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högre djur av organiska miljögifter.
Nordforsk,
Miljövårdssekretariatet, Publ. 1976: 2, pp. 567 - 576. |
| 1871 | Laffort, P. & Dravnieks, A. 1973.
An approach to a
physico-chemical model of olfactory stimulation in vertebrates by
single compounds.
J.
Theor.
Biol. 38: 335 - 345. |
| 2881 | Manck, W.L., Mehrle, P.M. & Mayer, F.L. 1978.
Effects of the
polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 on growth, survival and
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J.
Fish.
Res.
Bd.
Can. 35: 1084 - 1088. |
| 908 | Mayer, F.L., Mehrle, P.M. & Sanders, H.O. 1977.
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aquatic organisms.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 5: 501 -
511. |
| 3105 | MITI 1992.
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|
| 2889 | Safe, S. 1989.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): mutagenicity
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Mutation Res. 220: 31 - 47. |
| 2723 | Sax, N.I. & Lewis, Sr., R.J. 1989.
Dangerous properties of
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Seventh edition.
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| 2888 | Tomic, S., Nagasaki, H. & Mega, T. 1973.
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Hyg. 28: 69. |
| 1427 | Tooby, T.E., Hursey, P.A. & Alabaster, J.S. 1975: The acute
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| 1468 | Verschueren, K. 1983.
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| 1771 | Virtanen, M. & Nuuja, I. 1987.
Kemikaalien myrkyllisyys
luonnonvaraisille nisäkkäille.
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Sarja D: 26. |
| 2879 | Wong, P.T.S. & Kaiser, K.L.E. 1975.
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