4-chloronitrobenzene

100-00-5

157.56

Using the estimated Henry's Law constant, the volatilization
half-life from 1 m deep in surface water with a current
velocity of 1 m/sec and wind speed of 3 m/sec has been
estimated to be 33.5 hours (Lyman et al. 1982).

Based on a soil absorption coefficient for
1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene of 151 - 476 and an estimated Henry's
Law constant, volatilization from wet soil surfaces may be
significant (Hine & Mookerjee 1975).

Based on the estimated vapor pressure of 1.04x10-2 mmHg at 20
°C volatilization from dry soil surfaces should be considerably
slower than from wet soil surfaces (Lyman et al. 1982).

Based on the log Kow of 2.39 and a water solubility of 453 mg/L 
at 20 °C, the soil absorption coefficient (Koc) for 
1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene has been estimated to be 476 and 151, 
respectively (Lyman et al. 1982).

These Koc valeus suggest that thia compound should be 
moderately mobile in soil (Swann et al. 1983).

1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene does absorb UV light in the
environmentally significant range (>290 nm). 
It indicates that
potential exists for photolysis in water and air (Sadtler) 
(Howard 1989).

In air, vapor-phase 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene is predicted to
react with hydroxyl radical with an estimated rate constant of
5.0x10-12 cm3/molecule-sec at 25 °C. 
Assuming an ambient
hydroxyl radical concentration of 8.0x10+15 radicals/cm3, the
reaction half-life has been calculated to be 1.97 days (GEMS 
1986).

4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol may be produced by the photochemical
reaction of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene in air (Kanno & Nojima 
1979).

In the presence of TiO2 the photolysis half-life of
1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene in aqueous solution was less than an
hour with artificial light of wavelength greater than 290 nm
(Hustert et al. 1987).

When an aqueous solution of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene was
irratiated with light of wavelengths greater than 290 nm for 84
hours, less than 5 % of the starting material underwent
reductive dechlorination (Miller & Crosby 1983).

1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene (10 µg/mL)inoculated with a mixed 
culture of microorganisms in soil was observed to be resistant 
to biodegradation (Alexander & Lustigman 1966).

Biodegradation:
0% by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 30 mg/l
sludge: 100 mg/l
(MITI 1992)

1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene (100 ppm) inoculated with 30 ppm 
activated sludge at 25 °C was less than 30 % degraded after 2 
weeks (Kitano 1978) (Sasaki 1978).

Confirmed to be non-biodegradable (Anon. 1987).

Biodegradation period by a soil microflora: >64 days
Inhibition of biodegradation: at 100 mg/l, no inhibition of NH3
oxidation by Nitrosomonas sp (Hockenbury & Grady 1977).

The yeast Rhodosporidiam sp. reduced 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene
under aerobic conditions to give 4-chloroacetanilide and
4-chloro-2-hydroxyacetanilide as final major metabolites
(Corbett & Corbett 1981).

It has been reported aquatic biodegradation half-life of much
more greater than 4 weeks with both adapted and unadapted
microorganisms and1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene was found to remain
unchanged under common biodegradation procedures used
wastewater treatment plants (Canton et al. 1985) 
(Lindgaard-Joergensen & Jacobsen 1986).

Confirmed to be non-accumulative or low accumulative (Anon.
1987).

A BCF value for 1-chloro-4-nitrobentzene has been estimated to
39 (Canton et al. 1985).

The experimentally measured value in guppy (Poecilia
reticulata) on the basis of fat weight was 288 (Deneer et al. 
1987).