| Chemical |
2-chloroaniline |
| CAS-number : |
95-51-2 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 2-chlorophenylamine |
| 2-kloorianiliini |
| o-aminochlorobenzene |
| o-chloroaniline |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C6H6ClN |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2024264 |
| |
| Uses : |
Intermediate.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
127.57 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 1.213 |
at 20/4 °C |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 0.17 |
at 20 °C, Piacente et al. 1985 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 8000 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
-- |
| 3800 |
at 20 °C, Chiuo et al. 1982 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -14 |
|
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 208.8 |
|
| 208 |
208 - 210, MITI 1992 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 1.9 |
|
| 1 |
1 - 9, Anon 1988 |
| 9 |
|
| |
-- |
| 1.9 |
Hansch & Leo 1985 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 0.32 |
Anon 1988 |
| |
-- |
| 0.76 |
calc. Howard 1989 |
| |
| Volatilization : |
The volatilition half-life of 2-chloroaniline from a
representative environmental pond (stagnant) has been estimated
to be 64 days (USEPA 1987).
Using th Henry's Law constant the volatilization half-life from
a model river (1 m deep) can be estimated to be 5.6 days
(Lyman et al. 1982).
|
| |
| Adsorption/desorption : |
2-Chloroaniline has been observed to undergo rabid and
reversible covalent bonding with humic materials and clay in
water column and in the sediment (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Mobility : |
Equilibrium distribution:
mass %
air 9.95
water 88.97
solid 1.08
(Anon 1988)
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
Dissociation constant: 2.66 at 25 °C (Perrin 1972).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
2-Chloroaniline absorbs ultraviolet light above 290 nm
indicating that direct environmental phtolysis is possible
(Sadtler).
The half-life for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloroaniline
with sunlight-produced hydroxyl radicals in a typical ambient
atmosphere has been estimated to be about 2 days cm3/mol-sec at
25 °C (GEMS 1987).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
Irradiation of an aqueous solution of 2-chloroaniline in a
quartz tube with a fluorochemical lamp (wavelegths above 300
nm) resulted in a photodegradation half-life of 11.5 hours
(Kondo 1982).
|
| |
| Oxidation-reduction reactions : |
Oxidation of aromatic amines can occur on clay surfaces, bur is
dependent on the exchangeable cationin the clay and the
presence of oxygen (USEPA 1987).
|
| |
| Total degradation in soil : |
Decomposition by soil microflora: > 64 days (Verschueren 1983).
Incubation of 2-chloroaniline in soil for 14 days resulted in
formation of dichloroazobenzene, but no dichloroazobenzene was
formed using sterilized soil (Bartha et al. 1968).
When 2-chloroaniline was applied to soil there was an initial
rabid rate of dispappearance lasting 2 weeks followed by a much
more gradual rate of decline.
The percentage of 2-chloroaniline
remaining after 2 and 10 weeks were 40 and 20, respectively.
While both chemical and biological processes are responsible
for the degradation.
The chemical degradation is more
important.
When 2-chloroaniline is released to soil, it will
undergo chemical bonding with humic materials, which can result
in its chemical alteration and prevent leaching (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
2.7% by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
Results of standard biodegradtion tests for 2-chloroaniline
were reported as follows:
- Coupled units, 5-6% DOC removal
- Zahn-Wellens, 94% DOC removal
- MITI, 0% BODT
- Sturm 0% CO2 evolution, 9% DOC removal
- Closed bottle, 0% BODT
(Gerike & Fischer 1979).
A 36% BODT was measured for 2-chloroaniline over a 190 hr
incubation period with a Wasburg respirometer (Malaney 1960).
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be non-biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Degradation by Aerobacter: 500 mg/l at 30 °C:
parent: 100 % ring disruption in 60 hr;
mutant: 100 % ring disruption in 18 hr (Verschueren 1983).
Various screening tests suggest that 2-chloroaniline is
generally resistant to biodegradation or biodegrades slowly.
Sigfinicant acclimation of microbes may be required for
biodegradation to become envirometally important (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 5.4 |
5.4 - 9.0, 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.1 mg/l, |
| 9 |
|
| 14 |
< 14 - 32, 8w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.01 mg/l, |
| 32 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Confirmed to be non-accumulative or low accumulative (Anon.
1987).
Log BCF of 2-chloroaniline in fish were experimentally
determined to be less than 2.0 using the Japanese MITI test
procedures (Kawasaki 1980).
2-Chloroaniline was found to have little or no bioconcentration
in carp (Sasaki 1978).
The log BCF of 2-chloroaniline has been theoretically estimatd
to be 1.3 (Canton et al. 1985).
|
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 100 |
100 - 562, orl-Agelaius phoeniceus |
| 562 |
|
| 1000 |
=,>1000, Sturnus vulgaris |
| 1000 |
=,>1000, Coturnix coturnix |
| |
Schafer et al. 1983 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 6.2 |
14 d, Poelicia reticulata |
| |
Hermens et al. 1985 |
| |
-- |
| 6.3 |
48hr, Oryzias latipes, MITI 1992 |
| |
-- |
| 5.68 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1986 |
| |
-- |
| 5.81 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, Brooke et al. 1984 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 5.68 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1986 |
| |
-- |
| 5.81 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas, Brooke et al. 1984 |
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