| Chemical |
Phenanthrene |
| CAS-number : |
85-01-8 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| Fenantreeni |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C14H10 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2015815 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 101 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 339 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 4.5 |
ANON 1986 |
| 4.46 |
observed, Chin et al. 1986 |
| 4.46 |
Mackay 1982 |
| 4.52 |
Sangster 1989 |
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Atmospheric photolysis half-life:
25hr - 3hr, based upon measured aqueous photolysis quantum
yields and calculated for madday summer sunlight at 40°N
latidute and adjusted for apporoximate winter sunlight
intensity
Photooxication half-life in air:
20.1hr - 2.01hr, scientific judgement based upon measured rate
constant for reaction with hydroxyl radical in air
(Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
Aquatic photolysis half-life:
25hr - 3hr, based upon measured aqueous photolysis quantum
yields and calculated for midday summer sunlight at 40°N
latitude and adjusted for approximate winter sunlight intensity
(Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 0.83 |
20.1hr - 2.01hr, |
| 0.08 |
based upon photoocidation half-life in air |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 200 |
200d - 16d, |
| 16 |
based upon aerobic soil die-away test data |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 1.04 |
25hr - 3hr, |
| 0.12 |
in surface water: based upon aqueous photolysis half-life |
| 400 |
1.10yr - 32d, |
| 32 |
in ground water: scientific judgement based upon estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
200d - 16d, based upon aerobic soil die-away test data
(Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
2.19yr - 64 hr, scientific judgement based upon esimated
unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life
(Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
54.0% by BOD (on the upward trend)
period: 28d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Degradation of phenanthrene:
*--------------------------------------------------------------*
ENVIRONMENT INIT.CONC REDOX TEMP DEGRADATION REF
mg/l COND. °C %/day
*--------------------------------------------------------------*
water 5 aerobic 25 100/7 a
water 10 aerobic 25 100/7 a
freshwater 1 aerobic 5 0/28 b
freshwater 1 aerobic 15 10/28 b
freshwater 1 aerobic 20 37/28 b
freshwater 0.1 aerobic 25 60/28 b
freshwater 1 aerobic 25 47/28 b
freshwater 1 aerobic 37 89/28 b
freshwater 1 aerobic 45 0/28 b
groundwater 0.20 aerobic 10 - 13 100/2 c
groundwater 0.65 aerobic 10 - 13 100/2 c
groundwater 0.65 aerobic 10 - 13 90/4 c
soil 2.1 aerobic - 27/10 d
soil 25.00 aerobic - 83/3 e
*--------------------------------------------------------------*
a) Tabak et al. 1981 d) Sisler & Zobell 1974
b) Sherrill & Sayler 1980 e) Groenewegen & Stolp 1976
c) Jensen et al. 1985 (Anon. 1987b).
|
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 113 |
>113, orl-Agelaius phoeniceus |
| |
Schafer et al. 1983 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.1 |
srv, act, 96hr, Daphnia pulex |
| |
Trucco et al. 1983 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 0.734 |
2D, Daphnia pulex |
| |
Passino & Smith 1987 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 0.04 |
0d, embryo-larval, Salmo gairdneri |
| 0.04 |
4d, embryo-larval, Salmo gairdneri |
| 0.07 |
0d, >0.07, embryo-larval, Micropterus |
| |
salmoides |
| 0.18 |
4d, embryo-larval, Micropterus salmoides |
| |
Black et al. 1983 |
References |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 2333 | Anon. 1987b.
Nedbrydelighed af miljøfremmede organiske stoffer.
Utredningsrapport U1.
Lossepladsprojektet. |
| 2283 | Anon.1986a.
Evaluation of the OECD laboratory intercomparison
testing on the determination of the partition coefficient
n-octanol-water by reverse phase HPLC.
Report.
Fraunhofer-Institut für Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie. |
| 2752 | Black, A.
J., Birge, W.
J., Westerman, A.
G. and Francis, P.
C.
1983.
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Fundamental and applied toxicology 3: 353 - 358. |
| 2282 | Chin, Y., Weber, W.J. & Voice, T.C. 1986.
Determination of
partition coefficients and aqueous solubilities by reverse
phase chromatography - II: Evaluation of partitioning and
solubility models.
Wat Res. 20 (11): 1443 - 1450. |
| 2361 | Groenewegen, D. & Stolp.
H. 1976.
Microbial breakdown of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Tbl.
Bakt.
Hyg.
I Act.
B162:
225. |
| 3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
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Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
| 2340 | Jensen, B., Arvin, E. & Gundersen, A.T. 1985.
The degradation
of aromatic hydrocarbons with bacteria from oil contaminated
aquifer.
Proc. of NWWA/API conference: Petroleum hydrocarbons
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restoration.
Nov. 13 - 15, 1985 in Houston, Texas. |
| 2777 | Mackay, D. 1982.
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| 3105 | MITI 1992.
Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing
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Division Basic Industries Bureau Ministry of International
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Edited by Chemicals Inspection &
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|
| 2326 | Passino, D.R.M & Smith, S.B.
Acute bioassays and hazard
evaluation of represantative contaminants detected in Great
Lakes fish.
Environ.
Toxicol.
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|
| 3104 | Sangster, J. 1989.
Octanol-water partition coefficients of
simple organic compounds.
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| 1743 | Schafer , E.W.Jr., Bowles, W.A.Jr., Hurlbut, J. 1983.
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one or more species of wild and domestic birds.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
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| 2359 | Sherril, T.W. & Sayler, G.S. 1980.
Phenanthrene biodegradation
in freshwater environments.
Appl.
Environ.
Microbiol. 39: 172 -
178. |
| 2360 | Sisler, F.D. & Zobell, C.E. 1974. microbial utilization of
carcinogenic hydrocarbons.
Science 106: 521. |
| 2335 | Tabak, H.H., Quave, S.A., Mashni, C.I. & Barth, E.F. 1981.
Biodegradability studies with organic priority pollutant
compounds.
Journal WPCF. 53: 1503 - 1518.
|
| 1433 | Trucco, R.G. et al. 1983.
Toxicity, accumulation and
clearance of aromatic hydrocarbons in Daphnia pulex.
Environ.
Pollut. 31A: 191. |
