| Chemical |
Vinylacetate |
| CAS-number : |
108-05-4 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 1-acetoxyethylene |
| acetic acid ethenyl ester |
| acetic acid vinyl ester |
| acetoxyethylene |
| ethenyl acetate |
| vinyl A monomer |
| vinyl acetate |
| vinyl acetate monomer |
| Vinyyliasetaatti |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C4H6O2
C4H6O2 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2035454 |
| |
| Uses : |
Solvent.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Colorless, mobile liquid (HSDB 2001)
|
| |
| Odor : |
Quality: sour, sharp
Hedonic tone: unpleasant
Threshold odour concentration
absolute: 0.12 ppm
50 % recognition: 0.40 ppm
100 % recognition: 0.55 ppm
Odour index 100 % recognition: 220 000
(Hellman & Small 1974)
Sweet smell in small quatities; pleasant fruity; characteristic
odor.
Initially pleasant odor which quickly becomes sharp and
irritating (HSDB 2001).
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
86.09 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 0.93 |
at 20 °C, HSDB 2001 |
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 ppm in air=_mg/m3 : |
| 3.57 |
OVA 1999 |
| |
| Conversion factor, 1 mg/m3 in air=_ppm : |
| 0.28 |
OVA 1999 |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 85 |
at 20 °C, Weber et al. 1981 |
| 90.2 |
at 20 °C, HSDB 2001 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 20000 |
at 20°C, Merck Index 1983 |
| 26000 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
-- |
| 20000 |
20 - 24 g/l, at 20 °C |
| 24000 |
OVA 1999 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -93.2 |
Howard 1989 |
| -84 |
<-84, MITI 1992 |
| -93 |
IUCLID 2000 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 72 |
72 - 73 |
| 73 |
IUCLID 2000 |
| 73 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 0.73 |
Hansch & Leo 1985 |
| 0.73 |
Sangster 1989 |
| 0.73 |
IUCLID 2001 |
| 0.73 |
LOGKOW 1994 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 48.7 |
at 20°C, calc., Howard 1989 |
| 49 |
OVA 1999 |
| |
| Volatilization : |
The Henry's Law constant suggests that volatilization from
environmental waters can be significant (Lyman et al. 1982).
The volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep
flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec) can be estimated
to be 4.4 hr (Lyman et al. 1982).
The volatilization half-life from an environmental pond can be
estimated to be 2.1 days (USEPA 1987).
The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m
deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is
estimated as approx. 4 days (HSDB 2001).
The Henry's Law constant value for vinyl acetate indicates that
volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur.
The
potential for volatilization of vinyl acetate from dry soil
surfaces may exist based on a vapor pressure of 90.2 mmHg
(HSDB 2001).
|
| |
| Adsorption/desorption : |
Based on the water solubility and the log Kow, the Koc of vinyl
acetate can be estimated to range from 19 to 59 from
regression-derived equation (Lyman et al. 1982).
|
| |
| Mobility : |
The estimated Koc values are indicative of very high to high
soil mobility (Swann et al. 1983).
Estimated Koc value of 19 - 59 indicates that significant
leaching is possible; however, concurrent hdrolysis should
decrease the environmental importance of leaching (IUCLID
2000).
Based on a water solubility of 20000 ppm at 20 °C and log Kow
of 0.73, the Koc of acetic acid ethenyl ester can be estimated
to range from 19 - 59 from regrassion-derived equation.
These
estimated Koc values are indiacative of very high to high soil
mobility (IUCLID 2000).
|
| |
| Other physicochemical properties : |
Vinyl acetate readily polymerizes, therefore, if vinyl acetate
is released to the environment in a spill situation,
significant polymerization may occur (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Vapor-phase vinyl acetate is degraded rabidly in the atmosphere
by reaction with photochemically produced hydoxyl radicals,
estimated half-life of 14.6 hours in a average atmosphere
(Atkinson 1987).
Vapor-phase vinyl acetate may also be degraded in the
atmosphere by reaction with ozone with an estimated half-life
of 3.9 days (HSDB 2001).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
The half-lifes for olefinic structures in sunlit natural waters
are about 13 and 18 days with respect to reaction via hydroxyl
radicals and singlet oxygen.
Vinyl avetate does not absorb UV
light significantly above 250 nm in ethanol solvent and,
therefore, it should not be susceptible to direct sunlight
photolysis (Mill & Mabey 1985) (Daniels 1983).
|
| |
| Hydrolysis in water : |
The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of vinyl acetate at 25°C and pH
7 has been reported to 7.3 days.
Hydrolysis rates will
increase as the soil becomes more alkaline (Mabey & Mill 1978).
The hydrolysis rate at pH 4.4 has been reported to be minimal
(Daniels 1983).
Vinyl acetate is hydrolyzing to acetic acid and acetaldehyde:
pH °C t1/2
7 25 7.3 d
7 20 11 d
7 14 17 d
7 4 13.5 d
7.4 37 4.5 hr
8 37 3 hr
(IUCLID 2000).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
82-98% by BOD
period 14d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
Biodegradation:
type: aerobic
inoculum: activated sludge, non-adapted
concentration: 100 mg/l related to test substance
degradation: 82 - 98 % after 14 day
result: readily biodegradable
method: OECD Guide-line 301 C
(IUCLID 2000).
|
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
A 5-day 42% BODT in marine water and a 5-day 51.3% BODT using a
sewage inocula (Takemoto 1981).
A 62% BODT in 5 days and a 72% BODT in 20 days using an
acclimated sewage inoculum; 51 and 69% BODTs in 5 and 15 days,
respectively, in marine water containing a syntetic sewage
seed (Price et al. 1974).
CO2 evolutions of 27 and 49% over 19 and 38 days incubation,
respectively, using non-acclimated sewage inocula; a 58% CO2
evolution in 22 days using an acclimated sewage inocula
(Pahren & Bloodgood 1961).
CO2 evolution of 42% in 10 days using an acclimated sewage
inocula (Ludzack & Ettinger 1960).
A 100% degradation after a 3-day lag period using the Hungate
Serum Bottle technique (aerobic conditons) and enriched methane
cultures (Chou et al. 1979).
|
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
An estimated BCF of 2 was calculated for vinyl acetate using a
log Kow of 0.73 and a regression-derived equation.
According to
a classification scheme, this suggests the potential for
bioconcentration tin aquatic organisms is low (HSDB 2001).
|
| |
| LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 500 |
orl-rat |
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
bacteria (Pseudomonas putida): 6 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
| |
| LOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 35 |
rpd, schr, Microcystis aeruginosa |
| |
Bringmann & Kühn 1976 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 10 |
48 hr, Artemia salina, IUCLID 2000 |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 52 |
24 hr, Daphnia magna |
| 330 |
24 hr, Daphnia magna |
| |
IUCLID 2000 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 18 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| 19 |
96hr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Pickering & Henderson 1966 |
| |
-- |
| 18 |
96 hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| 42.3 |
96 hr, Carassius auratus |
| 31.1 |
96 hr, Lebistes reticulates |
| 26 |
48 hr, Leuciscus idus melanotus |
| 14 |
14 - 15 mg/l, 96 hr Pimephales promelas |
| 15 |
|
| 19 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas |
| 23 |
23 - 26 mg/l, 96 hr, Pimephales promelas |
| 26 |
|
| 41 |
41 - 44 mg/l, 96 hr, Pimephales promelas |
| 44 |
IUCLID 2000 |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
green algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda): 370 mg/l
protozoa (Entosiphon sulcatum): 81 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a).
|
References |
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|
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