| Chemical |
1,1,1-Trichloroethane |
| CAS-number : |
71-55-6 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 1,1,1-trikloorietaani |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C2H3Cl3 |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2007563 |
| |
| Uses : |
Solvent; cleaning solvents.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
133 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 4500 |
20 °C |
| 500 |
20 °C, 0.5 - 1.32 g/l |
| 1320 |
Anon 1986b |
| 4400 |
4400, MITI 1992 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -32 |
Suntio et al. 1988 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 74.1 |
|
| 74 |
Anon 1986b |
| 74 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 2.49 |
Anon 1986b |
| 2.95 |
Anon 1988 |
| 2.17 |
Schwarzenbach et al. 1983 |
| 2.49 |
Hansch & Leo 1979 |
| 2.47 |
Banerjee et al. 1980 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 13000 |
Anon 1988 |
| 2800 |
exptl., Dilling 1977 |
| 1743 |
exptl., Gossett 1987 |
| |
| Volatilization : |
Relative volatility (nBuAc=1) = 7.50
|
| |
| Mobility : |
Equilibrium distribution:
mass %
air 99.98
water 0.02
solid 0.00
(Anon 1988).
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 225 |
225d - 6.2yr, |
| 2263 |
based upon photooxidation half-life in air, |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 140 |
20w - 39w, |
| 273 |
scientific judgement based upon estimated |
| |
unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation |
| |
half-life, |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 140 |
20w - 30w, |
| 273 |
in surface water, scientific judgement based upon |
| |
estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic |
| |
biodegradation half-life, |
| 140 |
20w - 78w, |
| 546 |
in ground water, scientific judgement based upon |
| |
estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic |
| |
biodegradation half-life and sub-soil grab sample |
| |
data from ground water aquifer, |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
0% by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
|
| |
| Other information of degradation : |
Degradation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane:
*--------------------------------------------------------------*
ENVIRONMENT INIT.CONC REDOX- TEMP DEGRADATION REF.
mg/l COND. °C %/day t1/2
*--------------------------------------------------------------*
biofilm 0.017 methanogen 22 - 15 (1) a
0.016 aerobic 22 0/730 - b
water 0.229 methanogen 35 85/16 6 c
water 0.053 denitrif. 25 0/56 >56 d
biofilm 0.17 denitrif. 23 - 3466 (1) e
biofilm 0.17 sulfate reducing 23 - 1386 (1) e
biofilm 0.17 methanogen 23 - 7 (1) e
water (deion.) 1.0 aerobic 25 - 180 f
soil 0.21 aerobic + natural gas - 0.43 g
water (adapted) 0.171 aerobic 97/11 - h
water (adapted) 5 aerobic 25 29/7 - i
water 10 aerobic 25 23/7 - i
water 5 aerobic 25 83/7 2.7 i
water 10 aerobic 25 75/7 3.5 i
groundwater 1.8 aerobic 20 - >1022 j
soil 0.765 aerobic + propane 0/25 - k
soil 0.6 - 0.8 aerobic 17 <3/7 - l
*--------------------------------------------------------------*
(1) Biomass concentration set to 0.100 mg/l.
a) Bouwer & McCarty 1985 g) Anon. 1987b
b) Bouwer & McCarty 1982 h) Kästner 1986
c) Bouwer & McCarty 1983a i) Tabak et al. 1981
d) Bouwer & McCarty 1983b j) Vogel & McCarty 1987
e) Bouwer & Wright 1987 k) Wilson & White 1986
f) Dilling et al. 1975 l) Wilson et al. 1983
(Anon 1987).
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 9 |
28 d, Lepomis macrochirus, Anon 1986b |
| 0.7 |
0.7 - 3.0, 6w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.3 mg/l |
| 3 |
|
| 0.9 |
0.9 - 4.9, 6w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.03 mg/l |
| 4.9 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Confirmed to be non-accumulative or low accumulative (Anon 1987)
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 750 |
orl-dog |
| |
| Maximum longterm immission concentration in air for plants,mg/m3 : |
| 30 |
VDI 2306 |
| |
| Maximum longterm immission concentration in air for plants,ppm : |
| 5 |
VDI 2306 |
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
LC50, Photobacterium phosphoreum, 18,2 mg/l, 5 min;
LC50, Photobacterium phosphoreum, 8,0 mg/l, 5min;
(Anon 1986b).
|
| |
| EC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
| 320 |
24hr, assimulationstest, |
| 669 |
96hr, >669 mg/l, Selenastrum |
| |
capricornutum, cellnumber and |
| |
chlorophyll a, Anon 1986b |
| |
| NOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 125 |
<125mg/l, 96hr, Selenastrum capricornutum, |
| |
AQUIRE 1994 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 530 |
> 530, 48hr, Daphnia magna |
| |
LeBlanc 1980 |
| |
-- |
| 530 |
48hr, Daphia magna, Anon 1986b |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 53 |
96hr, Pimephales promelas,Könemann 1979 |
| 133 |
7d, Poelicia reticulata |
| |
-- |
| 72 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| |
Buccafusco et al. 1981 |
| |
-- |
| 71 |
96hr, Cyprinodon variegarus |
| |
Heitmuller et al. 1981 |
| |
-- |
| 123 |
48hr, Leuciscus idus melantus |
| 105 |
Pimephales promelas |
| 52.8 |
Pimephales promelas |
| 69.7 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
| |
Anon 1986b |
| |
-- |
| 73 |
48hr, Oryzias latipes, MITI 1992 |
| |
-- |
| 52.9 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas |
| 42.3 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1986 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 52.9 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas |
| 28.8 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1986 |
| |
| NOEC values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 43 |
96hr, Cyprinodon variegatus, (morality), AQUIRE 1994 |
References |
| 2358 | Anon 1986b.
Beitrag zur Beurteilung von 19 gefährlichen Stoffen
in oberirdischen Gewässern.
Texte 10.
Umweltbundesamt. pp. 163. |
| 2357 | Anon 1988.
Concentrations of industrial organic chemicals
measured in the environment: The influence of physico - chemical
properties, tonnage and use pattern.
Technical report no 29.
European chemical industry ecology & toxicology centre, ECETOC.
pp. 105. |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 2333 | Anon. 1987b.
Nedbrydelighed af miljøfremmede organiske stoffer.
Utredningsrapport U1.
Lossepladsprojektet. |
| 3107 | AQUIRE 1993 -.
Aquatic Toxity Information Retrieval Database.
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, Washington, D.C.
|
| 2605 | Banerjee, S., Yalkowsky, S.
H. and Valvani, S.
C. 1980.
Environ.
Sci.
Technol. 14: 1227 - 1229. |
| 2372 | Bouwer, E.J. & McCarty, P.L. 1982.
Removal of trace chlorinated
organic compounds by activated carbon and fixed film bacteria.
Environ.
Sci. & Technol. 16 (2): 836 -843. |
| 2373 | Bouwer, E.J. & McCarty, P.L. 1983a.
Transformation of 1- and
2-carbon halogenated aliphatic organic compunds under
methanogenic conditions.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
45 (4): 1286 - 1294. |
| 2370 | Bouwer, E.J. & McCarty, P.L. 1985.
Utilization rates of trace
halogenated organic coumpounds in acetate-grown biofilms.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26: 1564 - 1571. |
| 2375 | Bouwer, E.J. & Wright, J.P. 1987.
Transformation of trace
halogenated aliphatics in subsurface microcosms with anoxic
biofilms.
Submitted to Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. |
| 2374 | Bouwer.
E.J. & McCarty, P.L. 1983b.
Transformation of
halogenated organic compounds under denitrification conditions.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45 (4): 1295 - 1299. |
| 207 | Buccafusco, R.J., Ells, S.J. & LeBlanc, G.A. 1981.
Acute
toxicity of priority pollutants to bluegill (Lepomis
macrochirus).
Bull.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 26: 446 - 452. |
| 2088 | Dilling, W.L. 1977.
Interphase transfer processes: evaporation
rates of chloromethanes, -ethanes, - ethylenes, -propanes and
-propylenes from dilute aqueous solutions.
Comparisons with
theoretical predictions.
Environm.
Sci. & Techn. 11(4). |
| 2094 | Dilling, W.L., Tefertiller, N.B. & Kallos, G.J. 1975.
Evaporation rates and reactivities of methylene chloride,
chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, and other chlorinated compounds in dilute
aqueous solutions.
Environm.
Sci. and Techn. 9 (9): 833 - 837. |
| 3294 | Geiger, D.
L. et al. 1986.
Acute toxicities of organic
chemicals to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) Vol. 3.
Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of
Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, Wisconsin, U.S.A., 328.
|
| 2660 | Gossett, J.
M. 1987.
Environ.
Sci.
Technol. 21: 202 - 208. |
| 2622 | Hansch, C. & Leo, A. 1979.
Substituent Constant for Correlation
Analysis in Chemistry and Biology.
Wiley: New York. |
| 564 | Heitmuller, P.T., Hollister, T.A. & Parrish, P.R. 1981.
Acute
toxicity of 54 industrial chemicals to sheepshead minnows
(Cyprinodon variegatus).
Bull.
Environm.
Contam.
Toxicol. 27:
596 - 604. |
| 3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
Michalenko, E.M., Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates,
1991.
Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
| 2369 | Kästner, M. 1986.
Biologische Elimination von leichtfluchtigen
Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen (Theoretische Glundlagen und
Laborversuche).
Fachseminar - Bodensanierung und
Grundwasserreinigung - Wiedernutzung von Altstandorten. 24-25/9
1986 in Braunsweig: 155 - 166. |
| 761 | Könemann, W.H. 1979.
Quantitative structure-activity
relationships for kinetics and toxicity of aquatic pollutants and
their mixtures in fish.
Univ.
Utrecht, Netherlands. |
| 798 | LeBlanc, G.A. 1980.
Acute toxicity of priority pollutants
to water flea (Daphnia magna).
Bull.
Environm.
Contam.
Toxicol. 24: 684 - 691. |
| 3105 | MITI 1992.
Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing
chemicals based on the CSCL Japan.
Compild under the Safety
Division Basic Industries Bureau Ministry of International
Trade & Industry, Japan.
Edited by Chemicals Inspection &
Testing Institute, Japan.
|
| 2436 | Schwarzenbach, R.
P., Giger, W., Hoehn, E. and Schneider, J.
K.
1983.
Behavior of organic compounds during infiltration of
river water to groundwater.
Field studies.
Environ.
Sci.
Technol. 17 (8): 472 - 479. |
| 2602 | Suntio, L.
R., Shiu, W.
Y. and Mackay, D. 1988.
A review of the
nature and properties of chemicals present in pulp mill
effluents.
Chemosphere 17(7): 1249 - 1290. |
| 2335 | Tabak, H.H., Quave, S.A., Mashni, C.I. & Barth, E.F. 1981.
Biodegradability studies with organic priority pollutant
compounds.
Journal WPCF. 53: 1503 - 1518.
|
| 1599 | VDI 2306.
VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft.
Maximale
Immissions-Konzentrationen (MIK).
Organische Verbildungen. |
| 2378 | Vogel, T.M. & McCarty, P.L. 1987.
Rate of abiotic formation of
1,1-dichloroethylene from 1,1,1-trichloroethane in groundwater.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 1 (1): 299 - 308. |
| 2379 | Wilson, B.H. & White, M.V. 1986.
A fixed-film bioreactor to
treat trichloroethylene-laden waters from interdiction wells.
Presented at the sixth national symposium and exposition on
aquifer restoration and groud water monitoring.
May 19 - 22,
Columbus, Ohio. |
| 2377 | Wilson, J.T. et al. 1983a.
Enumeration and characterization of
bacteria indigenous to a shallow water-table aquifer.
Ground
Water 21 (2): 134 - 142. |
