| Chemical |
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid, sodium salt |
| CAS-number : |
127-20-8 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| alpha,alpha-dichloropropionic acid sodium salt |
| Dalapon |
| Dalapon sodium |
| Dalaponi |
| Dowpon |
| DPA |
| Propanoic acid, 2,2-dichloro-, sodium salt |
| sodium 2,2-dichloropropionate. |
| sodiumalpha,alpha-dichloropropionate |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C3H4Cl2O2.Na |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2048285 |
| |
| Uses : |
herbicide
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
164.95 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 500000 |
25°C |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 214 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Total degradation in soil : |
75 - 100 % disappearance from soils: 8 weeks (Verschueren 1983).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
13.7% by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
|
| |
| Bioconcentration factor, fishes : |
| 0.49 |
0.49 - 1.5, 6w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 3 mg/l, |
| 1.5 |
|
| 0.32 |
< 0.32 - 14, 6w, Cyprinus carpio, conc 0.3 mg/l, |
| 14 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Confirmed to be non-accumulative or low accumulative (Anon.
1987).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 4500 |
orl-rbt, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| 3860 |
orl-rat |
| |
-- |
| 3400 |
orl-gpg, Sweet 1987 |
| 40000 |
orl-mam |
| |
| Mutagenicity : |
Mutation data:
Cytogenic analysis;
mouse, unreported route, 200 mg/kg (Sweet 1987).
|
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 5600 |
orl-ckn, Lewis & Sweet 1984 |
| |
| Effects on plants : |
2.8 kg dalapon/ha a.e. was applied to ryegrass populations
(Lolium perenne) -> yield reductions (Charles et al. 1978).
Incubation of segments of barley coleoptile and Sesbania
exaltata hypocotyls in 1 % sucrose containing 2 ppm dalapon
inhibited protein synthesis by 7 and 4 %, respectively (Mann et
al. 1965).
Germinated seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare) were grown
in dalapon-treated silica sand: 650 ppm dalapon (in mg active
material per litre solution; 12 ml of the solution was added
to 225 g dry sand) caused 70 % reduction in barley root growth
(O'Sullivan & Prendeville 1974).
|
| |
| EC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
| 20 |
10 d, Chlorococcum sp. etc., Walsh 1972 |
| |
Dunaliella terticulata |
| |
Phaeodactylum tricornutum |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 6 |
48 hr, Daphnia magna, F.W.P.C.A. 1968 |
| |
-- |
| 16 |
48hr, Simocephalus serrulatis |
| 11 |
48hr, Daphnia pulex |
| |
Sanders & Cope 1966 |
| |
-- |
| 1505 |
act, Daphnia magna, Kenaga 1979 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 87 |
> 87 mg/l, Salmo gairdneri, Kenaga 1979 |
| |
-- |
| 290 |
96hr, Pimephales promelas |
| |
Poelicia reticulata |
| |
Surber & Pickering 1962 |
| |
-- |
| 340 |
48hr,Oncorhynchus kisutch |
| |
Bond et al. 1960 |
| |
-- |
| 115 |
96hr, Lepomis macrochirus,Edwards 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 223 |
96hr, Poelicia reticulata |
| |
Kam Wing & Furtado 1977 |
| |
-- |
| 100 |
< 100, act, Lepomis macrochirus |
| 350 |
24hr, Salmo gairdneri, Alabaster 1969 |
| |
-- |
| 650 |
48hr, Oryzias latipes, MITI 1992 |
References |
| 34 | Alabaster, J.S. 1969: Survival of fish in 164 herbicides,
insecticides, fungicides, wetting agents and miscellaneous
substances.
Internat.
Pest.
Contr.
March/April 1969:35-39. |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 174 | Bond, C.E., Lewis, R.H. & Fryer, J.L. 1960.
Toxicity of various
herbicidal materials to fish.
Second seminar on biological
problems in water pollution, R.A.
Taft San.
Eng.
Cen.
Tech.
Rept.
W603: 96 - 101. |
| 377 | Edwards, C.A. 1977.
Nature and origins of pollution of
aquatic systems by pesticides.
In: Pesticides in Aquatic
Environments.
M.A.
Q.
Khan, (ed.)
Plenum Press, N.Y. |
| 693 | Kam-Wing, L. & Furtado, J.I. 1977.
The chemical control of
Salvinia molesta (Mitchell) and some related toxicological
studies.
Hydrobiologia (Den.) 56: 49. |
| 705 | Kenaga, E.E. 1979.
Acute and chronic toxicity of 75
pesticides to various animal species.
Down to earth 35(2): 25 -
31. |
| 1589 | Lewis, R.J. & Sweet, D.V. 1984.
Registry of toxic effects of
chemical substances.
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health.
No. 83-107-4. |
| 864 | Mann, J.D., Jordan; L.S. & Day, B.E. 1965.
A survey of
herbicides for their effect upon protein synthesis.
Plant
Physiol. 40(5): 840 - 843. |
| 3105 | MITI 1992.
Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing
chemicals based on the CSCL Japan.
Compild under the Safety
Division Basic Industries Bureau Ministry of International
Trade & Industry, Japan.
Edited by Chemicals Inspection &
Testing Institute, Japan.
|
| 1740 | O'Sullivan, P.A. & Prendeville, G.N. 1977.
Studies on the rate
of root growth of intact seedlings in a herbicide medium.
Weed
Research 14(6): 345 - 348. |
| 1225 | Sanders, H.O. & Cope, O.B. 1966.
Toxicities of several
pesticides to two species of cladocerans.
Trans.
Am.
Fish Soc.
95: 165 - 169. |
| 1388 | Surber, E.W. & Pickering, Q.H. 1962.
Acute toxicity of
endothal, diquat, hyamine, dalapon, and silvex to fish, Progr.
Fish-Cult. 24(4): 164 - 171. |
| 2101 | Sweet, D. 1987.
Registry of toxic effects of chemical
substances 1985 - 1986 edition.
U.S.
Department of health and
human services. |
| 1468 | Verschueren, K. 1983.
Handbook of environmental data of
organic chemicals.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
Inc., New York.
1310 s. |
| 1500 | Walsh, G.E. 1972.
Effects of herbicides on photosynthesis
and growth of marine unicellular algae.
Hyacinth Control J. 10:
45 - 48. |
