Chemical |
Zinc sulfate |
CAS-number : |
7733-02-0 |
|
Synonyms : |
Sinkkisulfaatti |
sulfuric acid, zinc salt |
Sulfuric acid, zinc salt (1:1) |
zinc vitriol |
zincate. |
|
Sumformula of the chemical : |
ZnSO4
H2O4S.Zn (EINECS form) |
EINECS-number : |
2317933 |
|
Purity, % : |
100 |
|
|
Uses : |
Merchant dye, wood preservation, paper manufacture, chemical
manufacture, rayon, preserving skins, medical.
|
|
State and appearance : |
Colourless crystals.
Will dissolve in water.
|
|
Molecular weight : |
161.43 |
|
Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
1.97 |
|
|
Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
60 |
700 °C |
|
Water solubility, mg/l : |
965 |
25 °C |
|
Melting point, °C : |
38 |
|
|
Degradation point, °C : |
600 |
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Other information of degradation : |
Zinc can persist indefinetely as a cation (Sax 1986).
High pH, organic chelates, and phosphate reduce mobility;
copper reduces adsorption by plants (Sax 1986).
|
|
Other information of metabolism : |
Radioactive zinc (Zn-65) has been found to concentrate in
plants, milk, and aquatic life (Sax 1986).
|
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Other information of bioaccumulation : |
Confirmed to be non-accumulative or low accumulative (Anon.
1987).
Can accumulate in gill tissues and bone.
Potential for
accumulation positive.
Concentration factor for zinc: marine
plants 1000 x, oysters 100000 x, fish 2000 x, freshwater plants
4000 x, invertebrates 40000 x, and fish 1000 x.
Half-life in
total human body is 933 days (Sax 1986).
|
|
LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
1891 |
orl-mus, Sax 1986 |
|
LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
258 |
ipr-rat, Sax 1986 |
29 |
ipr-mus |
|
LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
2200 |
orl-rat, Sax 1986 |
2000 |
orl-rbt |
|
LDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
330 |
scu-rat, Sax 1986 |
50 |
ivn-rat |
1.5 |
scu-mus |
78 |
scu-dog |
66 |
ivn-dog |
300 |
scu-rbt |
23 |
ivn-rbt |
|
TDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
333 |
orl-rat, 1-18d preg, teratogenic |
193000 |
orl-dom, 6-20d preg, teratogenic |
45 |
orl-hmn, 7D-C |
106 |
orl-hmn |
|
Sax 1986 |
|
TDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg : |
2 |
ivn-ham, 8d preg, teratogenic |
3.625 |
scu-rbt,5D-C, tumorigenic |
|
Sax 1986 |
|
Health effects : |
Skin and eye irritation data:
eye, rbt, 0.420 mg, moderate (Sax 1986).
|
|
Mutagenicity : |
Mutagen data:
sln, dmg, orl, 5 mmol/l;
cyt, rat, ast, 1g/kg;
otr-ham, emb 0.200 mmol/l (Sax 1986).
|
|
Effects on wastewater treatment : |
1000 ppm severely inhibited sewage digestion; concentrations
> 20 mg/l were found to have a toxic effect on activated sludge
(Sax 1986).
|
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EC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
0.25 |
0.17d, pht, Scenedesmus quadricauda |
|
Starodub et al. 1987 |
|
LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
1.17 |
1d, Daphnia magna |
0.69 |
2d, Daphnia magna |
|
Khangarot et al. 1987 |
|
-- |
0.92 |
2d, Daphnia magna |
|
Hall et al. 1986 |
|
-- |
0.2 |
4d, Macrobrachium carcinus |
|
Correa 1987 |
|
-- |
4.3 |
96hr, 21 °C, Zn, Nitocra spinipes |
|
Linden et al. 1979 |
|
EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
52.3 |
2d, mbt, Asellus aquaticus |
18.2 |
4d, mbt, Asellus aquaticus |
121 |
2d, mbt, Crangonyx pseudogracilis |
19.8 |
4d, mbt, Crangonyx pseudogracilis |
|
Martin & Holdich 1986 |
|
-- |
1 |
1d, mbt, Daphnia magna |
0.56 |
2d, mbt, Daphnia magna |
|
Khangarot & Ray 1987 |
|
-- |
14.5 |
as Zn, 48hr, crab adult, Sax 1986 |
1 |
as Zn, 48hr, crab larvae |
110 |
48hr, shrimp |
|
LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
1.7 |
96hr, Poelicia reticulata,Pierson 1981 |
|
-- |
33.3 |
96hr, Barbus conchonius,Pant et al.1980 |
|
-- |
7.6 |
96hr, Pimephales promelas |
|
Kemp et al. 1973 |
13 |
13.0 - 33.0, 4d, Tilapia zillii |
33 |
|
26 |
26.0 - 52.0, 4d, Clarias lazera |
52 |
Hilmy et al. 1987 |
|
-- |
20.96 |
4d, Pimephales promelas |
|
Hall et al. 1986 |
1 |
> 1.0 - 24.0, 2d, Salmo gairdneri |
24 |
Shazili & Pascoe 1986 |
|
-- |
2.4 |
4d, Salmo gairdneri |
2.6 |
4d, Salmo gairdneri |
|
Meisner & Hum 1987 |
19 |
as Zn, 72hr, Branchydanio rerio, embryo |
136 |
as Zn, Branchydanio rerio, embryo |
6714 |
as Zn, 24hr, Branchydanio rerio, embryo |
7.2 |
as Zn,96hr,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,hrd |
1.2 |
as Zn,96hr,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,hrd |
0.43 |
as Zn,96hr,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,sft |
0.41 |
as Zn,14d,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,sft |
0.64 |
as Zn,14d,Salmo trutta,juvenile,sft |
67 |
as Zn,14d,Salmo clarci,juvenile,sf |
0.96 |
as Zn,14d,Salvelinus fontinalis,juv.,sft |
4.76 |
as Zn, 48hr, Salmo gairdneri, hrd |
1.5 |
as Zn, 96hr, Lepomis macrochirus |
0.24 |
0.24 - 0.56 as zinc, Salmo gairneri, |
0.56 |
sft, 96hr |
0.56 |
as Zn, 96hr, Poecilia reticulata, sft |
1.1 |
as Zn, 96hr, Oncorhynchus nerka |
|
Sax 1986 |
0.14 |
as Zn, 96hr, Noemacheilus montanus |
|
Joshi & Chamoli 1987 |
|
-- |
3.6 |
6d, Pimephales promelas |
|
Dawson et al. 1988 |
|
-- |
10 |
10 - 15 mg/l, 3.75d, Salmo gairdneri |
15 |
Woodall et al. 1988 |
|
-- |
41.9 |
96hr, 10 °C, Zn, Alburnus alburnus |
|
Linden et al. 1979 |
|
EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
0.6 |
6d, Pimephales promelas |
|
Dawson et al. 1988 |
|
Effects on physiology of water organisms : |
Salmo gairdneri, 0.0491 mg/l, 280 d, change in length and/or
weight (Satoh et al. 1987b).
Cyprinus carpio, 1 day, 2.3 mg/l, biochemical effect (Radi &
Matkovics 1988).
Macrobrachium carcinus, 0.25 days, 0.010 mg/l, oxygen
consumption effect (Correa 1987).
|
|
Effects on reproduction of water organisms : |
Branchydanio rerio, 0.710 mg/l, 16 d, change in percent hatch or
time to hatch (Dave et al. 1987).
Daphnia magna, 50 days, 0.025 - 0.100 mg/l, reproductive effect
(Paulauskis & Winner 1988).
|
|
Other information of water organisms : |
LC50 (16d), 16 mg/l, Ephemerella (Kemp et al. 1973).
LC50, Lymnaea luteola:
1 d, 7.0 mg/l - 21.8 mg/l;
4 d, 1.68 - 11.0 mg/l (Khangarot & Ray 1987).
Zinc increases susceptibility of salmon and other fishes to
lethal ulceration by Aeromonas liquefaciens.
Zinc in 10 ppm
range enhances viral-host in rainbow trout cell line (Sax 1986).
Zinc poisoning causes inflamed gills in fish (Sax 1986).
16 mg/l, Acroneuria, 336 hr, LC50 (Sax 1986).
Algae, biomass effect:
2 - 10 days, 0.035 - 0.043 mg/l (Genter et al. 1987);
5 - 30 days, 0.540 - 48.4 mg/l (Genter et al. 1988).
Population growth effect:
Anabaena variabilis, 8 days, 100 mg/l, 8 days;
Chlorella vulgaris, 4 - 16 days, 4 - 40 mg/l
(Ahluwalia & Kaur 1988);
Scenedesmus quadricauda, 15 days, 0.1 - 0.5 mg/l
(Starodub et al. 1987b).
Catla catla, 0.33 - 1.00 days, 20 mg/l, hematological effect
(Rai 1987).
LC50, Lymnaea luteola:
2 days, 3.8 mg/l; 4 days, 1.68 mg/l (Khangarot & Ray 1988).
Protozoa, 2 days, 0.540 - 48.4 mg/l, population effect (Genter et
al. 1988).
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|
Other effects on aquatic ecosystems : |
Solubility is dependent on pH, hardness, and alkalinity (Sax
1986).
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Other information : |
Degree of hazard to public health: Low toxicity.
Irritant.
Emits toxic vapors when heated to decomposition (Sax 1986).
Air pollution: none (Sax 1986).
|
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