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Data bank of environmental chemicals     |     The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)
 


28.3.2024

Data bank of environmental properties of chemicals


Chemical
Zinc sulfate
CAS-number :
7733-02-0
 
Synonyms :
Sinkkisulfaatti
sulfuric acid, zinc salt
Sulfuric acid, zinc salt (1:1)
zinc vitriol
zincate.
 
Sumformula of the chemical :
ZnSO4 H2O4S.Zn (EINECS form)
EINECS-number :
2317933
 
Purity, % :
100 
 
Uses :
Merchant dye, wood preservation, paper manufacture, chemical
manufacture, rayon, preserving skins, medical.
 
State and appearance :
Colourless crystals. 
Will dissolve in water.
 
Molecular weight :
161.43
 
Spesicif gravity (water=1) :
1.97 
 
Vapor pressure, mmHg :
60  700 °C
 
Water solubility, mg/l :
965  25 °C
 
Melting point, °C :
38 
 
Degradation point, °C :
600 
 
Other information of degradation :
Zinc can persist indefinetely as a cation (Sax 1986).

High pH, organic chelates, and phosphate reduce mobility;
copper reduces adsorption by plants (Sax 1986).
 
Other information of metabolism :
Radioactive zinc (Zn-65) has been found to concentrate in
plants, milk, and aquatic life (Sax 1986).
 
Other information of bioaccumulation :
Confirmed to be non-accumulative or low accumulative (Anon.
1987).

Can accumulate in gill tissues and bone. 
Potential for
accumulation positive. 
Concentration factor for zinc: marine
plants 1000 x, oysters 100000 x, fish 2000 x, freshwater plants
4000 x, invertebrates 40000 x, and fish 1000 x. 
Half-life in
total human body is 933 days (Sax 1986).
 
LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg :
1891  orl-mus, Sax 1986
 
LD50 values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg :
258  ipr-rat, Sax 1986
29  ipr-mus
 
LDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg :
2200  orl-rat, Sax 1986
2000  orl-rbt
 
LDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg :
330  scu-rat, Sax 1986
50  ivn-rat
1.5  scu-mus
78  scu-dog
66  ivn-dog
300  scu-rbt
23  ivn-rbt
 
TDLo values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg :
333  orl-rat, 1-18d preg, teratogenic
193000  orl-dom, 6-20d preg, teratogenic
45  orl-hmn, 7D-C
106  orl-hmn
  Sax 1986
 
TDLo values to mammals in non-oral exposure , mg/kg :
ivn-ham, 8d preg, teratogenic
3.625  scu-rbt,5D-C, tumorigenic
  Sax 1986
 
Health effects :
Skin and eye irritation data:
eye, rbt, 0.420 mg, moderate (Sax 1986).
 
Mutagenicity :
Mutagen data:
sln, dmg, orl, 5 mmol/l;
cyt, rat, ast, 1g/kg;
otr-ham, emb 0.200 mmol/l (Sax 1986).
 
Effects on wastewater treatment :
1000 ppm severely inhibited sewage digestion; concentrations
> 20 mg/l were found to have a toxic effect on activated sludge
(Sax 1986).
 
EC50 values to algae, mg/l :
0.25  0.17d, pht, Scenedesmus quadricauda
  Starodub et al. 1987
 
LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l :
1.17  1d, Daphnia magna
0.69  2d, Daphnia magna
  Khangarot et al. 1987
  --
0.92  2d, Daphnia magna
  Hall et al. 1986
  --
0.2  4d, Macrobrachium carcinus
  Correa 1987
  --
4.3  96hr, 21 °C, Zn, Nitocra spinipes
  Linden et al. 1979
 
EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l :
52.3  2d, mbt, Asellus aquaticus
18.2  4d, mbt, Asellus aquaticus
121  2d, mbt, Crangonyx pseudogracilis
19.8  4d, mbt, Crangonyx pseudogracilis
  Martin & Holdich 1986
  --
1d, mbt, Daphnia magna
0.56  2d, mbt, Daphnia magna
  Khangarot & Ray 1987
  --
14.5  as Zn, 48hr, crab adult, Sax 1986
as Zn, 48hr, crab larvae
110  48hr, shrimp
 
LC50 values to fishes, mg/l :
1.7  96hr, Poelicia reticulata,Pierson 1981
  --
33.3  96hr, Barbus conchonius,Pant et al.1980
  --
7.6  96hr, Pimephales promelas
  Kemp et al. 1973
13  13.0 - 33.0, 4d, Tilapia zillii
33 
26  26.0 - 52.0, 4d, Clarias lazera
52  Hilmy et al. 1987
  --
20.96  4d, Pimephales promelas
  Hall et al. 1986
> 1.0 - 24.0, 2d, Salmo gairdneri
24  Shazili & Pascoe 1986
  --
2.4  4d, Salmo gairdneri
2.6  4d, Salmo gairdneri
  Meisner & Hum 1987
19  as Zn, 72hr, Branchydanio rerio, embryo
136  as Zn, Branchydanio rerio, embryo
6714  as Zn, 24hr, Branchydanio rerio, embryo
7.2  as Zn,96hr,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,hrd
1.2  as Zn,96hr,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,hrd
0.43  as Zn,96hr,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,sft
0.41  as Zn,14d,Salmo gairdneri,juvenile,sft
0.64  as Zn,14d,Salmo trutta,juvenile,sft
67  as Zn,14d,Salmo clarci,juvenile,sf
0.96  as Zn,14d,Salvelinus fontinalis,juv.,sft
4.76  as Zn, 48hr, Salmo gairdneri, hrd
1.5  as Zn, 96hr, Lepomis macrochirus
0.24  0.24 - 0.56 as zinc, Salmo gairneri,
0.56  sft, 96hr
0.56  as Zn, 96hr, Poecilia reticulata, sft
1.1  as Zn, 96hr, Oncorhynchus nerka
  Sax 1986
0.14  as Zn, 96hr, Noemacheilus montanus
  Joshi & Chamoli 1987
  --
3.6  6d, Pimephales promelas
  Dawson et al. 1988
  --
10  10 - 15 mg/l, 3.75d, Salmo gairdneri
15  Woodall et al. 1988
  --
41.9  96hr, 10 °C, Zn, Alburnus alburnus
  Linden et al. 1979
 
EC50 values to fishes, mg/l :
0.6  6d, Pimephales promelas
  Dawson et al. 1988
 
Effects on physiology of water organisms :
Salmo gairdneri, 0.0491 mg/l, 280 d, change in length and/or
weight (Satoh et al. 1987b).

Cyprinus carpio, 1 day, 2.3 mg/l, biochemical effect (Radi &
Matkovics 1988).

Macrobrachium carcinus, 0.25 days, 0.010 mg/l, oxygen
consumption effect (Correa 1987).
 
Effects on reproduction of water organisms :
Branchydanio rerio, 0.710 mg/l, 16 d, change in percent hatch or
time to hatch (Dave et al. 1987).

Daphnia magna, 50 days, 0.025 - 0.100 mg/l, reproductive effect
(Paulauskis & Winner 1988).
 
Other information of water organisms :
LC50 (16d), 16 mg/l, Ephemerella (Kemp et al. 1973).

LC50, Lymnaea luteola:
1 d, 7.0 mg/l - 21.8 mg/l;
4 d, 1.68 - 11.0 mg/l (Khangarot & Ray 1987).

Zinc increases susceptibility of salmon and other fishes to
lethal ulceration by Aeromonas liquefaciens. 
Zinc in 10 ppm
range enhances viral-host in rainbow trout cell line (Sax 1986). 
Zinc poisoning causes inflamed gills in fish (Sax 1986).

16 mg/l, Acroneuria, 336 hr, LC50 (Sax 1986).

Algae, biomass effect:
2 - 10 days, 0.035 - 0.043 mg/l (Genter et al. 1987);
5 - 30 days, 0.540 - 48.4 mg/l (Genter et al. 1988).

Population growth effect:
Anabaena variabilis, 8 days, 100 mg/l, 8 days;
Chlorella vulgaris, 4 - 16 days, 4 - 40 mg/l
(Ahluwalia & Kaur 1988);
Scenedesmus quadricauda, 15 days, 0.1 - 0.5 mg/l
(Starodub et al. 1987b).

Catla catla, 0.33 - 1.00 days, 20 mg/l, hematological effect
(Rai 1987).

LC50, Lymnaea luteola:
2 days, 3.8 mg/l; 4 days, 1.68 mg/l (Khangarot & Ray 1988).

Protozoa, 2 days, 0.540 - 48.4 mg/l, population effect (Genter et
al. 1988).
 
Other effects on aquatic ecosystems :
Solubility is dependent on pH, hardness, and alkalinity (Sax
1986).
 
Other information :
Degree of hazard to public health: Low toxicity. 
Irritant.

Emits toxic vapors when heated to decomposition (Sax 1986).

Air pollution: none (Sax 1986).

References
2306Ahluwalia, A.S. & Kaur, M. 1988. Effect of some heavy metal compounds on growth and differentiation in a blue-green and a green alga. Microbios. 53: 37.
1848Anon. 1987a. The list of the existing chemical substances tested on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute. Ministry of International Trade and Industry, MITI. Japan.
2309Correa, M. 1987. Physiological effects of metal toxicity on the tropical freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium carcinus (Linneo, 1758). Environ. Pollut. 45: 149.
2063Dave, G. et al. 1987. Ring test of an embryo-larval toxicity test with zebrafish (Branchydanio rerio) using chromium and zinc as toxicants. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6: 61.
2318Dawson, D.A. et al. 1988. Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments using short-term fathead minnow and frog embryo-larval assays. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 7: 27.
2313Genter, R.B. et al. 1987. Algal-periphyton population and community changes from zinc stress in stream mesocosms. Hydrobiologia 153: 261.
2314Genter, R.B. et al. 1988. Changes in epilithic communities due to individual and combined treatments of zinc and snail grazing in stream mesocosms. Toxicol. Ind. Health 4: 185.
2080Hall, W.S. et al. 1986. Effects of suspended solids on the acute toxicity of zinc to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas. Water Resour. Bull. 22: 913.
2307Heath, A.G. 1987. Effects of waterborne copper or zinc on the osmoregulatory response of bluegill to a hypertonic NaCl challenge. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 88C: 307.
2079Hilmy, A.M. et al. 1987. Toxicity in Tilapia zilli and Clarias lazera (Pisces) induced by zinc, seasonally. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86C: 263.
2317Joshi, S.N. & Chamoli, P. 1987. Toxicity of zinc sulfate to the hill stream fish Noemacheilus montanus. Environ. Ecol. 5: 170.
704Kemp, H.T., Little, R.L., Holoman, V.L. & Darby, R.L. 1973. Water quality data book - Vol. 5. Effects of chemicals on aquatic life. EPA. Water pollution control research series 09/73.
1810Khangarot, B.S. & Ray, P.K. 1987a. Correlation between heavy metal acute toxicity values in Daphnia magna and fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38: 722 - 726.
2081Khangarot, B.S. & Ray, P.K. 1987b. Zinc sensitivity of a freshwater snail, Lymnaea luteola L., in relation to seasonal variations in temperature. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 39: 45.
2312Khangarot, B.S. & Ray, P.K. 1988a. Sensitivity of freshwater pulmonate snails, Lymnaea luteola L., to heavy metals. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 41: 208.
1949Khangarot, B.S. et al. 1987a. Daphnia magna as a model to assess heavy metal toxicity: comparative assessment with mouse system. Acta hydrochim. Hydrobiol. 15: 427.
831Linden, E., Bengtsson, B-E., Svanberg, O. & Sundström, G. 1979. The acute toxicity of 78 chemicals and pesticide formulations against two brackish water organisms, the bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and the harpacticoid Nitocra spinipes. Chemosphere 11/12: 843 - 851.
1763Martin, T.R. & Holdich, D.M. 1986. The acute lethal toxicity of heavy metals to peracarid crustaceans (with particular reference to fresh-water asellids and gammarids). Water Res. 20(9): 1137 - 1147.
2082Meisner, J.D. & Hum. W.Q. 1987. Acute toxicity of zinc to juvenile and subadult rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 39: 898.
2320Muenzinger, A. & Guarducci, M.L. 1988. The effect of low zinc concentrations on some demographic parameters of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say), Mollusca: Gastropoda. Aquat. Toxicol. 12: 51.
1103Pant, S.C. et al. 1980. Toxicity of copper sulphate and zinc sulphate to fresh water Teleost Punctius conchonius (Ham.) in hard water. Comp. Physiol. Ecol. 5: 146.
2316Paulauskis, J.D. & Winner, R.W. 1988. Effects of water hardness and humic acid on zinc toxicity to Daphnia magna Straus. Aquat. Toxicol. 12: 273.
1134Pierson, K.B. 1981. Effects of chronic zinc exposure on the growth, sexual maturity, reproduction and bioaccumulation of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 23 - 31.
1973Pilli.A., Carle, D.O., Kline. E., Pickering. Q. & Lazorchak. J. 1988. Effets of pollution on freshwater organisms. JWPCF 60(6): 994 - 1065.
2308Radi, A.A.R. & Matkovics, B. 1988. Effects of metal ions on the antioxidant enzyme activities, protein contents and lipid peroxidation of carp tissues. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 90C: 69.
2315Rai, R. 1987b. Hematological responses of a freshwater teleost, Catla catla (Ham.) to induced zinc poisoning. Indian J. Appl. Pure Biol. 1: 80.
2078Satoh, S. et al. 1987b. Availability to rainbow trout of zinc in white fish meal and of various zinc compounds. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish.) 53: 595.
2147Sax, I. 1986. Hazardous chemicals information annual No. 1. Van Nostrand Reinhold Information Services, New York. 766 s.
1943Shazili, N.A.M. & Pascoe, D. 1986. Variable sensitivity of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) eggs and alevins to heavy metals. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 36: 468.
2319Spry, D.J. et al. 1988. Relative contributions of dietary and waterborne zinc in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45: 32.
1978Starodub, M.E. et al. 1987. Short term and long term studies on individual and combined toxicities of copper, zinc and lead to Scenedesmus quadricauda. Sci. Total Environ. 63: 101.
2310Starodub, M.E. et al. 1987b. Influence of complexation and pH on individual and combined heavy metal toxicity to a freshwater green alga. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44: 1173.
2311Woodall, C. et al. 1988. Responses of trout fry (Salmo gairdneri) and Xenopus laevis tadpoles to cadmium and zinc. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 89C: 93.

 
 
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