| Chemical |
Pyridine |
| CAS-number : |
110-86-1 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| Pyridiini |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C5H5N
|
| EINECS-number : |
| 2038099 |
| |
| Uses : |
Solvent.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
79.1 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| -42 |
|
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 115.5 |
|
| |
| pKa : |
| 5.21 |
Sangster 1989 |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| 0.65 |
Sangster 1989 |
| |
| Volatilization : |
Relative volatility (nBuAc=1) = 1.51
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
Photooxidation half-life in air:
53d - 5.3d, based upon measured rate data for the vapor phase
reaction with hydroxyl redicals in air (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in water : |
Photooxidation half life in water:
24.4yr - 14.7yr, based upon measure rate data for hydroxyl
radicals in aqueous solution (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Half-life in air, days : |
| 53 |
53d - 5.3d, |
| 5.3 |
based upon photooxidation half-life in air. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in soil, days : |
| 7 |
7d - 1d, |
| 1 |
scientific judgement based upon unacclimated grab sample of aerobic soil. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 7 |
1w - 1d, |
| 1 |
in surface water:scientific judgement based upon estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| 14 |
2w - 2d, |
| 2 |
in ground water:scientific judgement based upon estimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life. |
| |
Howard 1991 |
| |
| Aerobic degradation in water : |
Aerobic half-life:
7d - 1d, scientific judgement based upon unacclimated grab
sample of aerobic soil (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Anaerobic degradation in water : |
Anaerobic half-life:
28d - 7d, scientific judgement based upon anaerobic acclimated
screening test data (Howard 1991).
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 891 |
orl-rat |
| |
| LD50 values to birds in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 1000 |
>1000, orl-Agelaius phoeniceus |
| 1000 |
>1000, orl-Sturnus vulgaris |
| 1000 |
>1000, orl-Coturnix coturnix |
| 1000 |
>1000, orl-Passer domesticus |
| |
Schafer et al. 1983 |
| |
| Maximum longterm immission concentration in air for plants,mg/m3 : |
| 0.7 |
VDI 2306 |
| |
| Maximum longterm immission concentration in air for plants,ppm : |
| 0.2 |
VDI 2306 |
| |
| Effects on microorganisms : |
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
bacteria (Pseudomonas putida): 340 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
| |
| EC50 values to microorganism, mg/l : |
| 737 |
15 min Microtox, Kaiser and Ribo 1985 |
| |
| LOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 28 |
rpd, schr, Microcystis aeruginosa |
| |
Bringmann & Kühn 1976 |
| |
| NOEC values to algae, mg/l : |
| 50 |
rpd, schr, Selenastrum capricornutum |
| |
Slooff et al. 1983 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 1350 |
48hr, Daphnia magna |
| 575 |
48hr, Daphnia pulex |
| 2470 |
48hr, Daphnia cucullata |
| |
Canton & Adema 1978 |
| |
-- |
| 220 |
48hr, Asellus aquaticus, Slooff 1983 |
| 182 |
48hr, Gammarus pulex, Slooff 1983 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 1350 |
24hr, Gambusia affinis |
| |
Wallen et al. 1957 |
| |
-- |
| 330 |
48hr, Oryzias latipes |
| |
Tonogai et al. 1982 |
| |
-- |
| 560 |
48hr, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Slooff et al. 1983 |
| |
-- |
| 1.3 |
1d, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
| 1.1 |
4d, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
| 4 |
1d, Oncorhynchus keta |
| 3.7 |
4d, Oncorhynchus keta |
| 4.3 |
1d, Oncorhynchus kisutch |
| 3.8 |
4d, Oncorhynchus kisutch |
| 6.9 |
1d, Oncorhynchus nerka |
| 6.3 |
4d, Oncorhynchus nerka |
| 3.2 |
1d, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
| 2.9 |
4d, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
| 4.6 |
1d, Salmo gairdneri |
| 4.6 |
4d, Salmo gairdneri |
| |
Wan et al. 1987 |
| |
-- |
| 106 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas |
| 93.8 |
96 hr, Pimephales promelas, Geiger et al. 1986 |
| |
| EC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 106 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelas |
| 85.6 |
96 hr, mbt, Pimephales promelasGeiger et al. 1986 |
| |
| Other information of water organisms : |
LOEC 3.5 mg/l, rpd, schr, Entosiphon sulcatum (Bringmann & Kühn
1980a).
LC50, 48hr, 1300 mg/l, Tubificidae
LC50, 48hr, 229 mg/l, Chironomus gr. thummi
LC50, 48hr, 2400 mg/l, Erpobdella octoculata
LC50, 48hr, 350 mg/l, Lymnaea stagnalis
LC50, 48hr, 1900 mg/l, Dugesia cf. lugubris
LC50, 48hr, 1150 mg/l, Hydra oligactis
LC50, 48hr, 30 mg/l, Corixa punctata
LC50, 48hr, 410 mg/l, Ischura elegans
LC50, 48hr, 254 mg/l, Nemoura cinerea
LC50, 48hr, 165 mg/l, Cloeon dipterum
(Slooff 1983)
Toxicity threshold (cell multiplication inhibition test):
green algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda): 120 mg/l
protozoa (Entosiphon sulcatum): 3.5 mg/l
(Bringmann & Kühn 1980a)
|
References |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 187 | Bringmann, G. & Kühn, R. 1976.
Vergleichende Befunde der
Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegen Bakterien
(Pseudomonas putida) und Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa).
Gwf-Wasser-Abwasser 117(9). |
| 188 | Bringmann, G. & Kühn, R. 1980a.
Comparison of the toxicity
thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria, algae and
protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test.
Water
Res. 14: 231 - 241. |
| 241 | Canton, J.H. & Adema, D.M.M. 1978.
Reproducibility of
short-term and reproduction toxicity experiments with Daphnia
magna and comparisons of the sensitivity of Daphnia magna with
Daphnia pulex and Daphnia cucullata in short-term
experiments.
Hydrobiologia 59(2): 135 - 140. |
| 3294 | Geiger, D.
L. et al. 1986.
Acute toxicities of organic
chemicals to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) Vol. 3.
Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of
Wisconsin-Superior, Superior, Wisconsin, U.S.A., 328.
|
| 3120 | Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Jarvis, W.F., Meylan, W.M. &
Michalenko, E.M., Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates,
1991.
Lewis Publicers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A.,
pp. 725.
|
| 2420 | Kaiser, K.
L.
E. and Ribo, J.
M. 1985.
QSAR of toxicity of
chlorinated aromatic compounds.
In: Tichy (Ed), M.
QSAR in
toxicology and xenobiochemistry.
Elsevier, Amsterdam 27. |
| 1973 | Pilli.A., Carle, D.O., Kline.
E., Pickering.
Q. & Lazorchak.
J. 1988.
Effets of pollution on freshwater organisms.
JWPCF
60(6): 994 - 1065. |
| 3104 | Sangster, J. 1989.
Octanol-water partition coefficients of
simple organic compounds.
J.
Phys.
Chem.
Ref.
Data, Vol 18, No.
3: 1111 - 1229. |
| 1743 | Schafer , E.W.Jr., Bowles, W.A.Jr., Hurlbut, J. 1983.
The acute
oral toxicity, repellency and hazard potential of 993 chemicals to
one or more species of wild and domestic birds.
Arch.
Environ.
Contam.
Toxicol. 12: 355 - 382. |
| 1304 | Slooff, W., Canton, J.H. & Hermens, J.L.M. 1983.
Comparison of the susceptibility of 22 freshwater species to 15
chemical compounds.
I (sub)acute toxicity tests. -
Aquatic
toxicology 4: 113 - 128. |
| 1302 | Slooff, W. 1983.
Benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality
assessment: some toxicological considerations.
Aquat.
Toxicol.
4: 73. |
| 1426 | Tonogai, Y. et al. 1982.
Actual survey of TLm (Median
Tolerance Limit) values of environmental pollutants,
especially on amines, nitriles, aromatic nitrogen compounds and
artificial dyes.
J.
Toxicol.
Sci. 7: 193. |
| 1599 | VDI 2306.
VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft.
Maximale
Immissions-Konzentrationen (MIK).
Organische Verbildungen. |
| 2413 | Walker, J.
D. 1987.
Effects of chemicals on microorganisms.
Journal WPCF 59 (6): 614 - 625. |
| 1498 | Wallen, I.E., Greer, W.C. & Lasater, R. 1957.
Toxicity to
Gambusia affinis of certain pure chemicals in turbid waters.
Sewage Ind.
Wastes 29(6): 695 - 711. |
| 2017 | Wan, M.
T. et al. 1987.
Acute toxicity to juvenile pacific
salmonids of Garlon 3A, Garlon 4, triclopyr, trichlopyr ester, and
their transformation products: 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 2-
methoxy-3,5,6-trichloropyridine.
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