| Chemical |
Epsilon-caprolactam |
| CAS-number : |
105-60-2 |
| |
| Synonyms : |
| 1,6-hexolactam |
| 2-azacycloheptanone |
| 2H-azepin-2-one, hexahydro |
| 6-caprolactam |
| Caprolactam |
| |
| Sumformula of the chemical : |
| C6H11NO |
| EINECS-number : |
| 2033132 |
| |
| Uses : |
Production of nylon fibres.
|
| |
| State and appearance : |
Solid.
|
| |
| Molecular weight : |
113.2 |
| |
| Spesicif gravity (water=1) : |
| 1.01 |
Roth 1991 |
| |
| Vapor pressure, mmHg : |
| 0.0019 |
at 25 °C, Jones 1960 |
| 0.0011 |
at 20 °C, IUCLID 1995 |
| |
| Water solubility, mg/l : |
| 2000 |
>2000, MITI 1992 |
| |
-- |
| 5250000 |
at 25 °C, Fischer & Crescentini 1982 |
| 820000 |
Roth 1991 |
| 4560000 |
IUCLID 1995 |
| |
| Melting point, °C : |
| 68 |
68-70, MITI 1992 |
| |
| Boiling point, °C : |
| 139 |
MITI 1992 |
| |
-- |
| 139 |
at 12 mmHg |
| |
| Log octanol/water coefficient, log Pow : |
| -0.19 |
Hansch & Leo 1985 |
| 0.12 |
IUCLID 1995 |
| 0.664 |
LOGKOW 1994 |
| |
| Log soil organic carbon coefficient, log Koc : |
| 1.33 |
ASTER 1994 |
| |
| Henry's law constant, Pa x m3/mol : |
| 0.148 |
ASTER 1994 |
| |
| Volatilization : |
The relatively low vapor pressure and complete water solubility
of caprolactam suggest that volatilization from water and soil
surfaces would not be an important fate process for this
compound (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Adsorption/desorption : |
A soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) of 0.8 was estimated for
caprolactam based on the log Kow (Lucas 1984).
The Koc value and the complete water solubility of
caprolactamsuggest that adsorption to suspended solids and
sediments in water would be insignificant and that this
compound would be extremely mobile in soil (Swann 1983).
|
| |
| Mobility : |
Predicted environmental distribution:
Mackay level I
4.92 % air
95.06 % surface water
0.01 % soil
0.01 % sediment
PED(ASTER)
4.87 % air
95.12 % surface water
0.01 % soil
0.01 % sediment
(ASTER 1994)
|
| |
| Photochemical degradation in air : |
The half-life for caprolactum vapor reacting with
photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere
has been estimated to be 4.9 hours based on an estimated
reaction rate constant of 7.9x10-11 cm3/mol-sec at 25 °C and an
average ambient hydroxyl radical concentration of 5.0x10+5
mol/cm3 (Atkinson 1987).
|
| |
| Half-life in water, days : |
| 190 |
ASTER 1994 |
| |
| Total degradation in soil : |
The degradation rate of caprolactam in soil is expectedto be at
least as fast if not faster than in water (Howard 1989).
|
| |
| Total degradation in water : |
Biodegradation:
82% by BOD
period: 14d
substance: 100 mg/l
sludge: 30 mg/l
(MITI 1992)
Degradation in the aquatic environment, half-life 5 - 14 days
(Howard 1989).
Caprolactam is biodegradable in water.
Based on results of a
study using amended and unamended natural water samples, the
half-life of caprolactam in water is expected to range between
5 and 14 days (Fortman & Rosenberg 1984).
|
| |
| Ready biodegradability : |
Confirmed to be biodegradable (Anon. 1987). |
| |
| Other information of bioaccumulation : |
A bioconcentration factor (BCF) of <1 is estimated for
caprolactam based on measured log Kow (Lyman et al. 1982).
The BCF valu and the complete water solubility of caprolactam
suggest that this compound will not bioaccumulate significantly
in aquatic organisms (Frischer & Crescentini 1982).
|
| |
| LD50 values to mammals in oral exposure, mg/kg : |
| 1210 |
orl-rat, RTECS 1994 |
| |
| LC50 values to mammals in inhalation exposure, mg/m3 : |
| 300 |
2hr, inh-rat, RTECS 1994 |
| |
| LC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
| 6700 |
QSARTOX 1994 |
| |
| EC50 values to algae, mg/l : |
| 130 |
72hr, Scenedesmus subspicatus, IUCLID 1994 |
| |
| LC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 7400 |
Daphnia, QSARTOX 1994 |
| |
-- |
| 100 |
100 - 1000, Daphnia, |
| 1000 |
GESAMP |
| |
| EC50 values to crustaceans, mg/l : |
| 500 |
48hr, Daphnia magna, IUCLID 1995 |
| |
| LC50 values to fishes, mg/l : |
| 500 |
500 - 1000, 96hr, Salmo gairneri |
| 1000 |
IUCLID 1995 |
| |
-- |
| 100 |
100 - 1000, 96hr, fish |
| 1000 |
GESAMP |
| |
-- |
| 6400 |
QSARTOX 1994 |
References |
| 1848 | Anon. 1987a.
The list of the existing chemical substances tested
on biodegradability by microorganisms or bioaccumulation in
fish body by Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute.
Ministry
of International Trade and Industry, MITI.
Japan. |
| 3109 | ASTER 1993 -.
Assessment Tool for the Evaluation of Risk
(including the AQUIRE database).
USEPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory.
|
| 3158 | Atkinson, R. 1987.
Inter.
J.
Chem.
Kinet. 19:799-828.
|
| 3258 | Fischer, W.
B. & Crescentini, L. 1982.
Kirk-Othmer Encycl.
Chem.
Tech. 18: 425 - 436.
|
| 3259 | Fortman, L. & Rosenberg, A. 1984.
Chemosphere 13: 53 - 65.
|
| 2958 | Hansch, C and Leo, A.
J. 1985.
Medchem Project Issue No 26.
Claremont C.A.
Pomona College. |
| 3047 | Howard, P.
H. 1989.
Handbook of Environmental Fate and
Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals.
Vol.
I: Large Production
and Priority Pollutants.
Lewis Publishers, Inc.
Chelsea. pp 574.
|
| 3253 | IUCLID 1995 -.
International Uniform Chemical Information
Database.
European Commission.
European Chemicals Bureau.
Existing Chemicals.
Ispra, Italy.
|
| 3260 | Jones, A.
H. 1960.
J.
Chem.
Eng.
Data 5: 196 - 200.
|
| 3182 | LOG KOW 1994.
Octanol-water partition coefficient program.
Syracure Research Corporation.
Chemical Hazard Assessment
Division.
Environmental Chemistry Center.
|
| 3261 | Lucas, S.
V. 1984.
GC/MS analysis of organics in drinking water
concentrates and advanced waste treatment concentrates Vol 2 p
145.
USEPA-600/1-84-020B NTIS PB85-128239.
|
| 2960 | Lyman, W.
J. et al. 1982.
Handbook of Chemical Property
Estimation Methods.
Environmental behavior of organic
compounds.
McGraw-Hill New York. |
| 3105 | MITI 1992.
Biodegradation and bioaccumulation data of existing
chemicals based on the CSCL Japan.
Compild under the Safety
Division Basic Industries Bureau Ministry of International
Trade & Industry, Japan.
Edited by Chemicals Inspection &
Testing Institute, Japan.
|
| 3255 | QSARTOX 1994 -.
QSARTOX-programme.
Version 1.0.
J.R.
Niemelä.
Danish Environmental Protection Agency.
|
| 3112 | Roth L. 1991.
Wassergefährdende Stoffe.
Ecomed Verlag Mbh.
|
| 3115 | RTECS Database 1992 -.
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health, USA.
TOMES Plus CD-ROM.
|
| 2988 | Swann, R.
L. et al. 1984.
Res.
Rev. 85: 17 - 28.
|
